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Antiviral Therapy Cheat Sheet by

drugs used for viruses

Nucl­eoside and nucleotide analog­ues:

Aciclovir: Guanine analogue prodrug.
M.O.A: Phosph­ory­lated to active tripho­sphate by virally encoded thymidine kinase after cellular uptake. Tripho­sphate interferes with viral DNA polymerase and inhibits DNA replic­ation.
Spectrum of activity: Herpes simplex (I & II), Varice­lla­-Zoster viruses
Indica­tions: Treatment of Herpes simplex (I & II), Varice­lla­-Zoster viruses. Prophy­laxis of frequent recurrent episodes of herpes genitalis.
Drug intera­ctions: Increased nephro­tox­icity with nephro­toxic agents such as aminog­lyc­osides.

Nucl­eoside and nucleotide analog­ues:

Gancic­lovir:
Indica­tions: Treatment of sight or life – threat­ening cytome­gal­ovirus (CMV) infect­ions.
Drug intera­ctions: Concom­itant admini­str­ation with Zidovu­dine, azathi­opurine and antine­opl­astic agents due to haemat­ologic toxicity.
Adverse effects: Myelos­upp­res­sion.

Nucl­eoside and nucleotide analog­ues:

Ribavirin:
Indica­tions: Treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection in combin­ation with peg-in­ter­ferons.
Drug intera­ctions: Increased nephro­tox­icity with nephro­toxic agents such as aminog­lyc­osides.
M.O.A: Active metabolite of phosphate prodrug inhibits neuram­ini­dases of influenza types A and B.
 

NEUR­AMI­NIDASE INHIBI­TORS:

Oselta­mivir
M.O.A: Active metabolite of phosphate prodrug inhibits neuram­ini­dases of influenza types A and B.
Indica­tions: Treatment of influenza A and B

Anti­virals used for herpes viruses:

Aciclovir
Valaci­clovir
Gancic­lovir
Valgan­cic­lovir

Anti­virals used in influe­nza:

Amantadine
Oselta­mivir
Zanamivir

Anti­virals used for hepatitis B:

Entecavir
Lamivudine
emtric­itabine
tenofovir
 

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