Cheatography
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Intro
Lack of sources written by women |
1st hand accounts: |
Héloise (12th cent) |
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Hrotsvitha (10th cent) |
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Hildegard of Bingen (Abbess, 12th cent) |
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Christine de Pisan (14-15th) |
Previously assumed: more lit men |
Questioned now because: |
Noble women's reading & devotion |
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Nuns |
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Bayeux tapesty |
Women's opportunities
Opportunities for women didn't expand until High Middle Ages |
Respectable occupations: |
Childbearing |
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Marriage |
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Religion |
Noble women - pawns used by father for dynastic strategies |
12th century English noblewomen 2x more likely to marry more than once, than noblemen |
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Medieval queens
Depended on contemp political sitch |
Could exercise authority & influence behind the scenes |
King died→successor still child→possible queen regnant (rare) |
Queen regnant = queen ruling
King Edward the Confessor on Queen Edith
'In the arts of painting and needlework, she was... another Minerva.' |
'She herself excelled in the writing of prose and verse.' |
Multilingual: 'General language of Gaul', 'Danish and Irish', 'and English, her native language' |
'Her generosity was incomparable.' |
Melisende
1129: Married Fulk V of Anjou |
To rule as joint monarchs → Fulk tried to push Mel in background |
After serious dispute between them, revealed: she had nobles' support |
Then they co-ruled successfully |
Their son Baldwin III fought a war against her→she defended her rights as co-ruler |
‘[She] had completely triumphed over the handicap of her sex so that she could take charge of important affairs’
- William of Tyre
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