Cheatography
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Chemical reactions involving benzenes
This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
Halogenation (substitution)
Reagent |
Cl₂ / Br₂ |
Catalyst |
AlCl₃ / FeCl₃ |
| |
catalyst produce electrophile |
Equation |
C₆H₆ + Cl₂ → C₆H₅Cl + HCl |
Mechanism |
free radical substitution |
|
Formation of halonium ion
Halogenation (addition)
Reagent |
Cl₂ / Br₂ |
Condition |
UV light |
Equation |
C₆H₆ + 3Cl₂ → C₆H₆Cl₆ |
Mechanism |
free radical addition reaction |
Friedel-Craft Acylation
Reagent |
RCOCl (acyl chloride) |
Condition |
heat / 80°C |
Catalyst |
AlCl₃ / FeCl₃ |
| |
catalyst produce electrophile |
Mechanism |
electrophilic substitution |
Equation |
C₆H₆ + RCOCl → RCOC₆H₅ + HCl |
|
Halogenation of alkylbenzene (UV light)
Reagent |
Cl₂ / Br₂ |
Condition |
UV light |
Mechanism |
free radical substitution |
Equation |
(CH₃)C₆H₅ + X₂ → (CH₂X)C₆H₅ + HX |
|
reaction occur in alkyl part
Friedel-Craft Alkylation
|
|
Nitration
Reagent |
HNO₃ |
Condition |
55°C |
Catalyst |
concentrated H₂SO₄ |
| |
catalyst produce electrophile |
Mechanism |
electrophilic substitution |
Equation |
C₆H₆ + HNO₃ → C₆H₅NO₂ |
Observation |
yellowish oil with almond smell |
|
Formation of nitronium ion
Friedel-Craft Alkylation
Reagent |
RX |
Condition |
room temperature |
Catalyst |
AlX₃ / FeX₃ |
| |
catalyst produce electrophile |
Mechanism |
electrophilic substitution |
Equation |
C₆H₆ + RX → C₆H₅R + HX |
|
Hydrogenation
Reagent |
H₂ gas |
Condition |
Pt, room temperature |
| |
Ni, 150°C |
Equation |
C₆H₆ + 3H₂ → C₆H₁₂ |
Halogenation of alkylbenzene (catalyst)
Reagent |
Cl₂ / Br₂ |
Catalyst |
AlX₃ / FeX₃ |
Mechanism |
electrophilic substitution |
Equation |
(CH₃)C₆H₅ + X₂ → (CH₃)C₆H₄X + HX |
|
reaction occur in benzene ring
Halogenation of alkylbenzene
|
