The Water Cycle
3 Main Steps
1.) Evaporation through solar energy
2.) Condensation of vapor into clouds
3.) Precipitation of rain
|
Relationships Symbiosis
symboisis |
a relationship between two different species |
parasitism |
one benefits while other is harmed / |
mutualism |
both benefits / |
commensalism |
one benefits and other is unaffected / |
Vocabulary
abiotic factors |
nonliving, physical features |
biotic factors |
living organisms |
population |
same species in one given area (breed to have fertile children) |
carrying capacity |
the limit a population can grow to |
limiting factor |
the reason why populations can't grow infinitely |
Vocabulary Pt. 2
competition |
occurs when two or more species rely on similar limiting factors |
interspecific competition |
competition between different species |
Intraspecific competition |
competition between same species |
predation |
one animal captures and feeds on another animal |
cryptic coloration |
literally just camouflage |
aposematic coloration |
bright, warning patterns |
batesian mimicry |
harmless species mimics a dangerous one |
mullerian mimicry |
a few different species mimic each other, so predators know to avoid animals with that pattern |
Energy Vocabulary
energy |
capacity to do work or cause change |
chemical energy |
energystored in organic molecules |
free energy |
portion of energyreleased during reactions that is available to do work |
autotrophs |
make own food |
heterotrophs |
obtain food from outside source |
activation energy |
energyneeded to "activate" reaction and break the bonds between atoms |
catalysts |
speed up the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energyneeded (is not used up or changed in reaction) |
Vocabulary Pt. 3
synthesis |
“building-up” reactions - store energy |
decomposition |
“breaking down” reactions - result in energy release |
ATP energy |
cellular energy currency |
^^ ATP can store/release small amounts of energy. The bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate is made or broken to exchange energy. |
|
|
The Nitrogen Cycle
Nitrogen is essential to building DNA & Proteins (which make up you)
The main steps in this process are:
1.) Nitrogen-fixing bacteria can change nitrogen in the air into something that can be used to make DNA & Proteins
2.) Bacteria give that nitrogen to plants most of the time, and then it moves its way up the food chain
|
Population
Density Independent Factors
affect population sizes no matter the size
* Natural disasters
* Climate change
^ Drought, extreme weather, or events
Density Dependent Factors
affect populations size as they approach carrying capacity
* Competition for space, shelter, food
* Predators, disease, stress, parasitism |
Ecological Succession
Definition:
The process by which an existing community is gradually replaced by another community
Pioneer Species:
first to colonize new, or previously disturbed or damaged ecosystems, beginning a chain of ecological succession that ultimately leads to a more biodiverse steady-state ecosystem
Succession Steps:
1.) Lichen and Moss, as well as bacteria, grow and put nitrogen in the soil
2.) Grasses start to dominate the area and put even more nitrogen back in the soil
3.) Bushes, shrubs, and small trees inhabit the area next and put EVEN MORE nitrogen back in the soil
4.) Finally, there is enough nitrogen in the soil to support large trees and forest which come last.
|
Types of Reactions
Endothermic
- Stores energy overall
- More energy is needed to break bonds than amount of energy released
- Ex: photosynthesis
Exothermic
- Energy is released
- Less energy is needed to break bonds than is released when forming new bonds
- Ex: cellular respiration
|
Energy Exchange in Cells
- Decomposition reactions release energy
- Oxidation is the removal of electrons from a molecule
- Bonds are broken and rearranged
- Some energy of the original molecule is released as heat and free energy
- Free energy is finally captured in ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
|
Enzymes
- Protein molecules that act as catalysts
- Specific to a Substance or Reaction
- Speeds up Biological Reactions to 10,000,000,000 Times Faster
How Enzymes Work
- Bind to specific reactants to form a complex
- Reactant enzymes interact with substrates
- Substrates bind to the enzyme in a location called the Active Site
Factors Affecting Enzyme Action
- When conditions are not ideal for an enzyme, it denatures
- Denaturing an enzyme will cause the 3D shape of the active site, making the enzyme nonfunctional
|
|
|
The Carbon Cycle
The main steps in this cycle are:
1.) Photosynthesis removes CO2 from the atmosphere
2.) Death/Decomposition and Respiration add CO2 to the atmosphere
Burning of fossil fuels adds CO2 to the atmosphere as well
|
Energy Transfer ThroughTrophic Levels
|
Created By
Metadata
Favourited By
Comments
may lord bless you with the best blessing there ever will be.
Add a Comment
Related Cheat Sheets
More Cheat Sheets by BeeBooBopNerd