Common diseases
Gout |
Hypertension |
Infection |
Pain |
Depression |
Migraine |
Allergies |
Hyperlipidaemia |
Spasticity |
Asthma |
COPD |
Osteoporosis |
Epilepsy |
Neuropathic Pain |
Bipolar Disorder |
Anxiety |
Stroke |
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia |
Heart Failure |
Thromboembolism |
Gastro-oesophageal Reflex |
Hypothyroidism |
Hyperthyroidism |
Insomnia |
Diabetes |
Rheumatoid Arthritis |
Psoriasis |
Crohn's Disease |
Autoimmunity |
Cluster Headaches |
Urolithiasis |
Pharmacological treatment of pain
Acute pain? |
Chronic pain? |
Neuropathic pain? |
Pain + inflammation? |
Pain + cancer? |
Pain intensity? |
Drugs for neuropathic pain
Amitriptyline: - Tricyclic antidepressant - Increase brain serotonin - Mood effects |
Carbamazepine: - Decreases neuronal excitability - Anti-epileptic |
Gabapentin & pregabalin: - Decreases release of excitatory neurotransmitters - Anti-epileptic |
Drugs for hypertension
Amlodipine: - Ca+ channel blocker (vasodilation) |
Bendroflumethiazide: - Diuretic |
Furosemide: - Diuretic |
Lisinopril & Ramipril: - Inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme |
Drugs for anxiety & depression
Amitriptyline |
Carbamazepine |
Citalopram |
Fluoxetine |
Pregabalin |
Setraline |
Diazepam |
Immunosuppressants
Steroids: Prednisolone & Dexamethasone |
Methotrexate: used in autoimmune diseases |
Drugs for migraines
Amitriptyline |
Codeine |
Sumatriptan: selective serotonin receptor agonist |
Drugs that affect blood coagulation
Clopidogrel: inhibition of platelet aggregation |
Heparin: inactivation of thrombin & other coagulation factors |
Rivaroxaban: anticoagulant, anti-thrombotic |
Warfarin: inhibition of K vitamin & synthesis of active clotting factors |
Drugs for COPD
Beclometasone: steroid, asthma |
Salbutamol: bronchodilator, asthma |
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NSAIDS for pain
Paracetamol: - Use: aches, mild-moderate pain, fever - Brands names: Disprol, Hedex, Medinol, Panadol - 1 tablet = 500mg; adult max. 8 tablets / 24 hours - Safe during pregnancy & breast feeding - Risk of overdose - Unsafe in liver & kidney diseases - Allergic reactions - Side effects are rare |
Ibuprofen: - Use: pain & inflammation - Brand names: Nurofen, Brufen, Calprofen, Fenbid, Ibugel, Ibuleve - NSAID, reduces hormones that cause pain & inflammation, reduction of prostaglandins by COX (cyclooxigenase) inhibition - 1 tablet: 200 / 400 / 600mg; slow release 200 / 300 / 800mg; max, 1200g / 24 hours - Stomach protection taken with it - Not use if previous stomach bleeding, ulcer, severe heart failure, kidney failure, liver failure, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis - Pts may have allergic reaction (dangerous) - Side effects: feeling & being sick, stomach pain, tiredness or sleepiness, black faeces, blood in vomit, tinnitus (ringing in ears), difficulty breathing, arrhythmias |
Prescription drugs for pain
Naproxen: - Brand names: Naprosyn, Stirlescent -Use: NSAID, pain & inflammation, RA, OA, gout, menstrual pain, back pain, sprains & strains - Side effects: confusion, headache, tinnitus, changes in vision, tiredness, drowsiness, dizziness & rashes - Pt takes stomach protection with them |
Codeine: - Opiate! - When paracetamol, ibuprofen & aspirin have not worked - Short term treatment as there's risk of addiction - Side effects: constipation, nausea & sleepiness - Not suitable for all people |
Tramadol: - Brand names: Maxitram, Marol, Zydol, Zamadol, Tramulief, Tramquel - Use: strong painkiller, moderate-severe pain, post-operative -Opiate / narcotic -Side effects: sickness, dizziness, confusion -Short term use, risk of dependence & withdrawal |
Morphine: - Use: severe pain, cancer pain - Risk of addiction, controlled use - Side effects: constipation, sickness, tiredness, dizziness, vertigo, confusion, headaches, skin rashes |
Fentanyl: - Controlled medicine, strong opiate, risk of addiction |
Drugs for inflammation
- NSAIDS: Ibuprofen - Steroids: Prednisolone & Dexametasone |
Use: wide range of diseases - Anti-inflammatory - Immunosuppressant - Short-term use - Endocrine side effects |
Drugs for diabetes
Metformin: - enhance insulin sensitivity |
Insulin |
Drugs for specific disorders
Gout: Allopurinol |
Infection: Amoxicillin |
Allergies: Anti-histaminics |
Spasticity: Baclofen |
Osteoporosis: Biphosphonate |
Benign prostatic hyperplasia: Tamsulosin, Finasteride, Dulasteride |
Gastro-oesophageal reflux: Pump inhibitor |
Hypothyroidism: Levothyroxine |
Insomnia: Melatonin |
Menopause: Hormone replacement therapy |
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