Cheatography
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Cheat sheet with commonly used constructions in Makefiles based on GNU Make
Make command line optionstarget | Select the target to run | -f file | Select which file to read | -W file | Mark file as 'out of date' | -C | Change directory before making | -d | Print all debug information | -n | Print actions without making | -t | Mark encountered targets as 'up of date' | -p | Expand makefile and print | -b | Consider all targets as 'out-of-date' |
Automatic variables$@ | Name of the target of the recipe being run* | $% | The target member name, when the target is an archive member* | $< | Name of first prerequisite | $? | Names of prerequisites newer than the target | $^ | Names of all prerequisites | $* | Name of the stem |
* In case of foo.a(bar.o) $@ returns "foo.a" and $% returns "bar.o" .PHONYCertain targets can be marked as .PHONY. By doing this, you notify make that the target is not related to a specific filename. It will thus always be rebuilt.
.PHONY: clean
clean:
rm *.o temp |
In the example given, clean will always be rebuilt, even if a file named "clean" is found | | Text manipulation functionsSyntax: $(function arguments) | $(subst from,to,text) | | | Substitute substring from to to in text | $(patsubst pat,repl,text) | | | Text substitutions using pattern pat in text | $(text:pat=repl) | | | Same effect as patsubst, but in different form | $(strip string) | | | Strip leading and trailing spaces from string | $(findstring find,strings) | | | Tries to find occurence of find in strings. Returns 'find' if successful, else it returns '' | $(filter patterns,text) | | | Returns words in text that match patterns | $(filter-out pattern...,text) | | | Returns words in text that DO NOT match patterns | $(sort list) | | | Sort list list of strings in alfabetical order | $(word n,text) | | | Return the nth word in text | $(wordlist s,e,text) | | | Return sublist of words list text starting at index s and ending at index e | $(words text) | | | Returns the number of words in text | $(firstword text) | | | Returns the first word in text | $(lastword text) | | | Returns the last word in text |
| | General rule syntaxIn general, a rule looks like this:
targets : prerequisites
recipe
...
or like this:
targets : prerequisites ; recipe
recipe
... |
Variable assignmentRecursively expanded variable
var = $(shell ls)
The expansion of $(shell ls) only happens when var is referenced
Simply expanded variable
var := $(shell ls)
var ::= $(shell ls)
The expansion of $(shell ls) is done immediately
Conditionally expanded variable
var ?= $(shell ls)
Assigns the variable recursively if it is not yet defined
Incremental assignment
var += $(shell ls)
Appends to the variable. Assignment (recursive/simple) depends on var
Shell assignment
var != ls
Executes the ls command immediately in the shell and assigns result to var |
|
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