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Gems are often formed under high pressure and temperature through geologic time.
Gems
Gems |
precious or semiprecious stones formed from rock materials that were subjected to high temperature and pressure over a long period of time |
rare and expensive |
used mainly for jewelry and other ornamental purposes |
Diamond
Diamond |
best example of an expensive gem |
comes from what used to be wood millions of years ago but was buried deep under Earth |
biggest diamond mines are in Africa |
Nephrite or Jade
a common gemstone found in the Philippines |
Philippine Jade
not of common variety |
a type or nephrite |
Two types of mineral that are classified as jade:
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Gemstones
found in continents that are geologically older than islands |
Corundum or Aluminum Oxide
with passage of time and under high temperature and pressure becomes either ruby (blood red stone) or sapphire (deep blue stone) |
Chromium
responsible for the red color in ruby |
Titanium and Iron
gives sapphire its deep blue color |
Ruby (red) and Sapphire (blue)
often found together in |
> Myanmar |
> Thailand |
> Cambodia |
> Vietnam |
> Tanzania |
> Madagascar |
> Australia |
Emerald
a green gemstone is a type of beryl (a mineral consisting of beryllium and aluminum silicate) |
found in Asia, America, Africa, and Europe |
Emerald
From 1995 to 2005, 47% of the world's production by volume came from Columbia in South America. Other major producers were Zambia - 21%, Brazil - 20%, and Russia - 7%. |
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Turquoise
an opaque blue-green gemstone |
a hydrous phosphate of copper and aluminum |
first mined in the Sinai Peninsula and China |
also found in the United States, Chile, and Australia |
Uses of Gemstones
used as ornamental stones |
bearings in highly precise and small mechanical devices such as watches |
render lubricants unnecessarily |
Ruby and other transparent gems are used in laser-emitting devices to focus light. |
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