Roaring Twenties
Palmer Raids |
1920 operation by Att. Gen. Mitchel Palmer, marshals raid homes of suspected radicals and hq of organizations in 32 cities |
Nativism |
Resurfaced because of fear & prejudice many felt towards German and communists. |
Fundamentalism |
Bible = literal true without error |
Prohibition |
18th ammendment in 1920 until 21st ammendment in 33 |
Flappers |
Radical fashioned women |
Art Deco |
Art Style of 20's and 30s |
Harlem Renaissance |
1920's when black achievements in art, music and literature flourished |
Back to Africa Movement |
Encouraged blacks to return to Africa for their own empire because of racists in states |
NAACP |
Nat'l Assoc. for Adv. of Color Ppl, found in 1909, got supreme court to declare grandfather clause unconstitutional |
ACLU |
Amer. Cib. Lib. Union - Defendsrights that constitution grants |
Jazz |
Popular dance music of 20's |
18 Amendment |
Prohibited manufacture, sale, and distr. of alcohol |
19 Amendment |
Right to vote to women in federal or state elections |
21st amendment |
Repealed 18th amendment |
National Origins Act |
Made immigrant restrictions a permanent policy, mostly English & German allowed |
Volstead Act |
Bill passed by congress to enforce the language of 18th amendment |
Scopes Trial |
1925 Tennesse trial of Teaacher John Scopes charged w/ teaching evolution. |
Warren Harding |
29th, republican, "Return to Normalcy". Marred by scandal |
Calvin Coolidge |
Rigid economy, "Silent Cal", True Republican, believed in gov't supporting big business and little intervention |
Marcus Garvey |
Black leader during 20's, founded universal negro improvement assocatian, advocated migration to Africa, deported to Jamaica in 27 |
Zora Neal Hurston |
Black writer, folklore scholar, author of "Their Eyes Were Watching God", sympathy for blacks. |
Langston Hughes |
Black poet, described rich culture of black life using rhythems influenced by jazz. Wrote of hope and defiance & culture. |
Bonus Army |
WWI vets that marched to DC in 32 to demand immediate payment, were denied |
Teapot Dome Scandal |
Oil discovered on fed. land > Contracts given from bribes, total ~ $400M in 20's USD |
Lindbergh |
Crosses atlantic solo, instant fame |
Mississippi Flood |
Kills 300, caused $4B |
World War II
Axis Powers: |
Fascist Italy, Empire O' Japan, Nazi Germany, Hungary (no choice), Finland (hates USSR) |
Allied Powers: |
China, British Empire, France, USSR, USA, other small nations contributed |
Germany First Policy |
UK/US agreement, Germany should be biggest effort because it's strongest |
Pearl Harbor |
Dec. 7, 1941 - Drew US into war on a sunday morning, missed oil and aircraft carriers |
Air War: "Memphis Belle" |
First to make 25 bombing runs, so did Jimmy Stewart! |
Sea War: |
USS Pamponito Submarine, USS Iowa Battleship, USS Enterprise Aircraft Carrier |
D-Day |
Largest Amphibian Assault, lead by Eisenhower, thousands dead |
Yalta Agreement |
Agreement to split Germany, Eastern Germany with USSR |
Soviet Union Declared Japan War |
Last in August 8-9, 1945, rested up and reinforced late |
VJ Day |
Signed on USS Missouri |
Largest Armed Forces |
Russia, China, Japan, Germany, US, British Empire |
Death Toll: |
~60M |
Russian Death Toll: |
20M, POW's 3.3M |
London Death Toll: |
~85k |
Dresden Death Toll |
~100-125k, caused form Firestorm |
Nanking Death Toll |
~400k |
Japan Cities Toll |
~ 66 cities |
Peak of Bomb Drops @ Japan |
37,992 (by August, 2weeks of petroleum left) |
Nagasaki Bomb |
~20k Tons of TNT |
Atom Bomb Death Toll |
Combined ~ 350k |
Leaders: |
President for most war: Roosevelt, PM of UK = Churchill, USSR = Stalin, Allied Europe = Eisenhower, Allied Asia =McCarthur, PM of Japan = Hideki Tojo |
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The Great Depression
October 29, 1929 |
Stock Market Crashes - first major indicator of coming depression, dubbed "Black Tuesday". |
Smoot-Hawley Tariff |
High Tariff contributed to global downturn |
1st New Deal |
Legislation about Relief, Recovery & Reform |
2nd New Deal |
WPA/Jobs |
SSA |
Social Sec. Act - Forced retirment savings |
Wagner Act / NLRb / Nat'l Labor Rel. Board |
Increasing worker protections, protected unions. |
3rd New Deal/ J.M. Keynes |
English economist who believed Govt should spend to help gdp |
Glass-Steagall Act - FDIC |
Fed. Dep. Insur. Corp. - 1933, insured bank deposits, |
Securites & Exchange Commission - SEC |
Regulated stock market, restricted margin buyin |
Social Security Act - SSI |
Provided pensions, unemployment insurance, aid to disabled and poor. Welfare and forced savings |
Tennessee Valley Authory - TVA |
Fed gov't built dams for electricity. Still around. |
Hoovervilles |
Shanty towns named after president |
Dust Bowl |
TX, OK, KS, reason wy ppl movede west |
FDR |
established 20+ programs, replaced Hoover, Supreme court knocked a lot down, Biggest fear was Facism |
Signs of Facism |
Irrational Manipulation of masses, Social Darwinism (Supreme race), Natlism on steroids, glorifcation of state, absolute obedience to leaders, racism, anti-communist |
Result of Facism |
Universal Propaganda, Militarism, Glorified Authoritarian Leaders, Institutionalized Persecution, Intolerance of ideas outside Fascism(book burning), Resistance in form of minorities |
WWII Affected Gender Norms for American Society
Because so many males were drafted/joined to fight in WWII, females were encouraged to contribute by working instead of being the typical housewife. Women now gained much more independence. This was slightly combatted after the war due to the men returning and sexist mentalities remaining. |
Cold War (46 - 90's)
Operation Crossroads |
Bikini Atoll testing in 46, Able & Baker, Baker 21Kt, sank USS Saratoga |
Cold War Costs |
~1.5 - 3T |
Brandenberg Gate |
Symbolic Gate @ Berlin |
Korean War (50-53) |
First major use of Helicopters |
Tito |
Yugoslavic leader who kept them independent |
NATO |
US, Canada, UK, France, Portugal, West Germany, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Norway, Belgium, Netherlands |
Warsaw Pact |
USSR, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Czech, East Germany, Albania |
George Kennan |
Diplomat @ Russia, sent analysis of Leadership, Containment Policy author |
George Marshall |
Trumans Foreign advisor & Secretary of state, endorsed plan to give aide to failing nationas |
Britain continued rations |
For 7 years after the war |
Truman |
Ike, great president after FDR |
Eisenhower |
Came after Truman |
Stalin |
Died in 53, causing power struggle |
Nakita Khruschchev |
Next in power, less cruel but still craycray |
Chairman Mao |
Drove remaining China into Taiwan |
Berlin Blockade |
Western Berlin surrounded, Stalin blocks land, west air drops |
Korean War |
N.Korea in old Japan, attacks South. No soviet troops but did get training and funding. Eventually coalition Nato takes seoul with30 nations, China sends 2m, 3 years later, stalemate @ 38th Parallel. |
Senator Joseph McCarthy |
Gained power by accusing ppl of being red, "Demagog" |
Guatemala Coup |
US Backed by CIA, rids Jacobo Arbenz |
WWII @ Home
Rationing |
Ration food, gas, rubber, etc for troops, a lot of farmers left for war |
Recycling |
Collected glass, meta, rubber, even fats. Boyscouts recycled Newspapers too well |
Relocation |
People all over the nation moving towards jobs/ factories |
Victory Gardens |
Encouragement of small family gardens, 1/3 of all vegetabls produced, not rationed |
Radio |
Becomes main source of news & entertainment |
Includes |
"Dont sit under apple tree" - Andrew Sisters, "Report from Paratrooper" by Edward Murrow, "I'll be seeing you" by Tommy Dorsey & Sinatra in 1940 |
Rememberance |
People wrote huge #'s of Letters, kept pictures |
Relocation Revisited |
Japanese internment camps created, loss of private property, etc |
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