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Mitosis and Meiosis Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by

An overview of mitosis and meiosis

This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.

Reasons for Cell Division

To make copies of cells for growth
To make copies of cells to repair
To carry on the specie­s/r­epr­oduce
Repair refers to both the wearing out of cells and the injury to cells

Mitosis Phases

1. Interphase
2. Prophase
3. Promet­aphase
4. Anaphase
5. Telophase
6. Cytoki­nesis
 

Meiosis I

Interphase (before meiosis starts)/ Cell duplicates the 46 chromo­somes, leading to 46 chromo­somes but 92 chromatids
Prophase I Chromo­somes condense / synapsis occurs, creates tetrad / crossi­ng-over occurs
Metaphase I Homologous pairs chromo­somes line up in centre of cell (metaphase plate)
Anaphase I Homologous pairs are pulled apart to opposite sides of the cell but sister chromatids stay together
Telophase I Chromo­somes arrive at opposite ends of the poles / spindle fibres break down, nuclear membrane forms (in some cells), chromo­somes uncoil, and nucleoli reforms

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Comparison of Mitosis and Meiosis

Mitosis
Meiosis
One division
Two divisions
Chromo­somes don't get together in pairs
Homologous chromo­somes must synapse to complete the process (occurs in prophase I)
Homologous chromo­somes don't cross over
Crossing over is an important part of meiosis and leads to genetic variation
Sister chromatids separate in anaphase
Sister chromatids separate in anaphase II
Daughter cells are diploid
Daughter cells are haploid
Daughter cells carry identical genetic inform­ation
Daughter cells are geneti­cally different to parents
Function is to grow, repair, and reproduce
Function is to produce gamete­s/sex cells