Cheatography
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Your Operating System cheat sheet
Vi Editor
i - insert at cursor (goes into insert mode) |
ESC - Terminate insert mode |
a - write after cursor (goes into insert mode) |
u - undo last change |
A - Write at the end of line (goes into insert mode) |
U - undo all changes to the entire line |
dd - delete line |
o - open a new line (goes into insert mode |
3dd - delete 3 lines |
C - delete contents of a line after the cursor and insert new text |
dw - delete word |
r - replace character |
4dw - delete 4 words |
R - overwrite characters from cursor onward |
cw - change word |
s - substitute one character under cursor continue to insert |
x - delete character at the cursor |
S - Substitute entire line and begin to insert at the beginning of the line |
~~ change case of individual character |
Vi Editor - moving with a file
k - move cursor up |
h - move cursor left |
j - move cursor down |
l - move cursor right |
Vi Editor - Saving and Closing the file
Shift+zz: save the file and quit |
:q - quit without saving |
:w - save the file but keep it open |
:wq - save the file and quit |
Misc
> : send output to file or another device |
>> : appends new file to an existing file |
< : reverse redirection, takes input for program from existing file instead of keyboard |
> : redirection, combined with system commands to achieve any desired results |
!! : current history |
wc : word count |
Bash/Nano Shortcuts
Ctrl-c: stop current command |
Ctrl-a: go to start of line |
Ctrl-z: sleep program |
Ctrl-e: go to end of line |
Ctrl-u: cut from start of line |
Ctrl-k: cut to end of line |
Ctrl-R: read file |
Ctrl-O: save file |
Alt-A; start marking text |
Ctrl-X: close file |
Ctrl-K: cut marked text or line |
Ctrl-U: paste text |
ALT-/ End of file |
CTRL-E: End of line |
CTRL-A: Beginning of line |
CTRL-C: Show line number |
CTRL-W: Find |
ALT-W: Find next |
CTRL-\: Search and replace |
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User Information and Management
# Display the user and group ids of your current user. |
# Display the last users who have logged onto the system. |
id |
last |
# Show who is logged into the system. |
# Show who is logged in and what they are doing. |
who |
w |
# Create a group named "test". |
# Create an account named john, with a comment of "John Smith" and create the user's home directory. |
groupadd test |
useradd -c "John Smith" -m john |
# Delete the john account. |
# Add the john account to the sales group |
userdel john |
usermod -aG sales john |
System Information
#Display Linux system information |
#Show system host name |
uname -a |
hostname |
#Display kernel release information |
# Display the IP addresses of the host |
uname -r |
hostname -I |
# Show which version of redhat installed |
#Show the current date and time date |
cat /etc/redhat-release |
date |
# Who you are logged in as |
# Display who is online |
whoami |
w |
# Show this month's calendar |
# Show system host name |
cal |
hostname |
Search + SSH Logins
#Search for pattern in file: grep pattern file |
# Search recursively for pattern in directory: grep -r pattern directory |
# Find files and directories by name: locate name |
# Find files in /home/john that start with "prefix": find /home/john -name 'prefix*' |
# Find files larger than 100MB in /home: find /home -size +100M |
# Connect to host as your local username: ssh host |
# Connect to host as user: ssh user@host |
# Connect to host using port: ssh -p port user@host |
grep 'word' filename – Search any line that contains the word in filename on Linux |
grep -i 'bar' file1 – A case-insensitive search for the word ‘bar’ in Linux and Unix |
grep -R 'foo' . – Search all files in the current directory and in all of its subdirectories in Linux for the word ‘foo’ |
grep -c 'nixcraft' frontpage.md – Search and display the total number of times that the string ‘nixcraft’ appears in a file named frontpage.md |
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File and Directory Commands
# List all files in a long listing (detailed) format |
# Display the present working directory |
ls -al |
pwd |
# Create a directory |
# Remove (delete) file |
mkdri directory |
rm file |
# Remove the directory and its contents recursively |
# Force removal of file without prompting for confirmation |
rm -r directory |
rm -f file |
# Forcefully remove directory recursively |
#Copy file1 to file2 |
rm -rf directory |
cp file1 file2 |
# Copy source_directory recursively to destination. If destination exists, copy source_directory into destination, otherwise create destination with the contents of source_directory. |
# Rename or move file1 to file2. If file2 is an existing directory, move file1 into directory file2 |
cp -r source_directory destination |
mv file1 file2 |
# Create symbolic link to linkname |
# Create an empty file or update the access and modification times of file. |
ln -s /path/to/file linkname |
touch file |
# Display the first/last 10 lines of file |
#View/browse the contents of file |
head line/tail line |
cat file/less file |
# Display the last 10 lines of file and "follow" the file as it grows. |
tail -f file |
File Attributes
user group/other permissions - link account - user - group - filesize - date - filename |
r : read, w : write, x - excute |
Vi Editor 2
/ to find |
\> : searches for the next word that ends with a specific string |
[] : finds the characters between brackets |
/< : searches for the next word that begins with a specific string |
$: searches for the line that ends with a specific character |
:! - leave vi tempo |
:q - cancel an editing session |
:wq - write changes to disk and exit vi |
ZZ: in command mode, save changes and exit vi |
u : undo most recent change |
Vi Editor 2
/ to find |
\> : searches for the next word that ends with a specific string |
[] : finds the characters between brackets |
/< : searches for the next word that begins with a specific string |
Vi Editor 2
/ to find |
\> : searches for the next word that ends with a specific string |
[] : finds the characters between brackets |
/< : searches for the next word that begins with a specific string |
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