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ANS vs Somatic
Factor |
Autonomic |
Somatic |
Effectors |
Smooth muscle and glands |
Skeletal Muscle |
Efferent Pathways |
Two neuron chain with ganglia |
Single Neuron |
NT Effects |
PS: ACh / S: NE (can be inhibitory or stimulatory) |
ACh (only stimulatory) |
Sympathetic Vs Parasympathetic
Factor |
Parasympathetic |
Sympathetic |
Origin Site |
Brain & Spinal Cord |
Thoracolumbar |
Pre/Post Fiber Length |
Long/Short |
Short/Long |
Ganglia Location |
In Visceral Effector Organs |
Close to Spinal Cord |
Receptors in ANS
Type |
Location |
Effect on Binding |
Nicotinic (ACh) |
All Gang. Neurons; Adrenal Medullary Cells; NMJ |
Ex. |
Muscarinic (ACh) |
All Para targets (symp. eccrine sweat glands and blood vessels in skel musc.) |
Ex (xcept heart); Activation |
B1 (NE/E) |
HEART + kidneys + adipose tissue |
HR/FORCE; RENIN |
B2 (NE/E) |
Lungs, Symp Tissue, BV (heart, liver, skel m.) |
Mostly Inhibitory |
B3 (NE/E) |
Adipocytes |
LIPOLYSIS |
A1 |
BV in viscera, skin, mucosa; All Sym. targets except heart |
BV CONSTRICT; pupils dilate |
A2 |
Adrenergic axon term.; Pancreas; Platelets |
Inh. NE + insulin release; Up Clotting |
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Parasympathetic (Craniosacral)
Cranial Outflow Functions
[III] |
Constrict Pupils; Bulge Lenses |
[VII] |
Nasal + Lacrimal Glands -or- Sublingual + Submandibular |
[IX] |
Activate Parotid Salivary Glands |
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