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current electricity cheat sheet
Basic notations
current (I) |
q/t |
q |
charge |
V |
terminal voltage |
resistance (R) |
V/I or ρ l/A |
in the formula for resistance, the first formula has current and the second one has length of the resistor
Effect of stretching of wire on resistance
L -- original length of wire
A -- original cross-sectional area
L' -- length of wire after stretching
A' -- cross-sectional area of wire after stretching
final resistance, R' = n2R |
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Resistors in Series
V = IR(s) ......[R(s) is equivalent resistance for resistors in series]
general formula for 'n' resistors in series --
R(s) = R(1) + R(2) + R(3) + ......... + R(n)
∴ R(s) = n R |
n --- no. of equal resistors
Resistors in Parallel
I = V/R(p) .....[R(p) is equivalent resistance for resistors in parallel]
general formula for 'n' resistors in parallel --
1/R(p) = 1/R(1) + 1/R(2) + 1/R(3) + .... + 1/R(n)
∴ R(p) = R/n |
Kirchoff's Laws
1st Law :-
At any junction of several circuit elements, the sum of currents entering the junction must be equal to sum of currents leaving it.
2nd Law:-
The algebraic sum of changes in potential around any closed resistor loop must be zero. |
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Wheatstone Bridge
Here if,
P/R = Q/S or
P/Q = R/S, then,
we can simply remove G.
Now, P & Q are in series and R & S are in series, and the combination of the two are in parallel
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