Cheatography
https://cheatography.com
things to remember in organic chemistry
This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
Alkanes
Source |
• Crude oil |
→ Seperated by fractional distillation |
Reactions |
• Complete combustion |
• Incomplete combustion (CO, C, CO₂ and H₂O) |
Substitution reaction |
→ Halogens substitute hydrogen from alkanes |
→ Happens only in presence of UV light |
Alkenes
Source |
• Prepared by cracking |
→ 500°C in presence of catalyst (Aluminum trioxide and silicone dioxide) |
→ 1000°C when no catalyst |
Reactions |
• Complete combustion |
• Incomplete combustion (CO, C, CO₂ and H₂O) |
Addition reaction |
• Small molecule added to alkene to produce larger molecule with no bi-products |
• Happens due to carbon to carbon doubles bond |
Addition of Hydrogen |
→ Reagent: H₂ |
→ Conditions: Nickel (Ni) and 170°C |
→ Product: Alkane |
→ Application: Used in margarine industry (obtain margarine from plant oil) |
Addition of water/steam |
→ Reagent: Water |
→ Conditions: Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄), 300°C and 60 atm |
→ Product: Alcohol |
→ Application: Used in industrial manufacture of ethanol |
Addition of Halogens |
→ Reagent: Halogens (Cl₂, Br₂ and I₂) |
→ Conditions: none |
→ Application: Used as identification test for alkenes (Pass the compound through aqueous bromine. If compound is an alkene, bromine colour changes from brown to colourless) |
|
|
|
