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Cheatography

Organic Chemistry Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by

things to remember in organic chemistry

This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.

Alkanes

Source
• Crude oil
→ Seperated by fractional distil­lation
Reactions
• Complete combustion
• Incomplete combustion (CO, C, CO₂ and H₂O)
Substi­tution reaction
→ Halogens substitute hydrogen from alkanes
→ Happens only in presence of UV light

Alkenes

Source
• Prepared by cracking
→ 500°C in presence of catalyst (Aluminum trioxide and silicone dioxide)
→ 1000°C when no catalyst
Reactions
• Complete combustion
• Incomplete combustion (CO, C, CO₂ and H₂O)
Addition reaction
• Small molecule added to alkene to produce larger molecule with no bi-pro­ducts
• Happens due to carbon to carbon doubles bond
Addition of Hydrogen
→ Reagent: H₂
→ Condit­ions: Nickel (Ni) and 170°C
→ Product: Alkane
→ Applic­ation: Used in margarine industry (obtain margarine from plant oil)
Addition of water/­steam
→ Reagent: Water
→ Condit­ions: Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄), 300°C and 60 atm
→ Product: Alcohol
→ Applic­ation: Used in industrial manufa­cture of ethanol
Addition of Halogens
→ Reagent: Halogens (Cl₂, Br₂ and I₂)
→ Condit­ions: none
→ Applic­ation: Used as identi­fic­ation test for alkenes (Pass the compound through aqueous bromine. If compound is an alkene, bromine colour changes from brown to colour­less)