Vocab Industrialism | a system marked by the building of factories and manufacturing, and employment in factories instead of in agricultural industries | Textiles | cloth, fabric, woven by machine | Urbanization | the process of an area becoming more urban and cities grow | Capital | money used to invest in businesses | Assembly line | production method that breaks down a job into separate tasks where one worker will do the same task over and over again | Socialism | an economic system where most businesses are public, government provides benefits to the poor, less economic inequality | Capitalism | an economic system where individuals own their businesses, free-market, little to no government intervention | Communism | a political/economic system where the government controls production and how products are distributed, equal wealth between citizens | Karl Marx | founder of communism, German revolutionary, wrote "Communist Manifesto" in 1848 with Freidrich Engels | Adam Smith | founder of capitalism, wrote "Wealth of Nations" which promoted division of labor and free trade | Industrial Revolution | the period from the mid-1700s to mid-1800s of rapid technological advancements, but marked by poor working conditions and low pay | Imperialism | the practice of one country controlling the government and economy of another country/territory | White Man's Burden | a poem written by Rudyard Kipling in 1899, said that it was a white man's responsibility to invade "uncivilized" Asian + African countries and teach them European culture | Social Darwinism | the belief that Europeans were superior by natural selection and they were better-fitted to survive | Sepoy Rebellion | in 1857, sepoys rebel against British soldiers and refuse British cartridges as a revolt against the British East India Company in control of India at the time | Opium War | a war that resulted in China being forced to open their ports, caused by the illegal opium smuggling to people addicted in China from British India | Meiji Restoration | overthrew shogun and gave power to emperor, modernizes Japan and introduces a new government like Germany's | Dollar diplomacy | the use of diplomacy by the USA to promote themselves as good trade partners by guaranteeing loans to important foreign countries | Nationalism | pride in and loyalty to one's nation or ethnic group |
| | Industrialism Causes | Changes in farming - better farming methods lead to more crops with less labor, so less farm jobs, so a growing workforce for factories in the city | | | Britain's resources and demand - large workforce, raw materials, and a growing demand for manufactured goods | | | New inventions- spinning jenny, steam engine, Bessember furnace | Events | Child labour - children worked in coal mines, cotton mills, etc. in dangerous conditions and for low pay | | | Invention of steam power - the introduction of steam power led to new developments in transportation, communication, and production | Results | More factories - long, tiring work for former farmworkers in factories | | | Economic changes - new economic system called capitalism is developed, individuals own their own business and resources | | | Improvements for the people - new inventions and tech, better wages, and developed industrial societies |
Nationalism Events | Political unrest - countries start wars to prove their superiority | | | Gain independence - nations start to fight for independence, form separate countries, etc. Italy in 1871, Germany in 1870 | Results | Independent countries | | | International rivalries |
Imperialism Causes | Social Darwinism - the belief that Europeans were superior by natural selection, that they were chosen as the best to survive | | | White Man's Burden - a poem by Rudyard Kipling, described that a white man had a responsibility to teach "uncivilized" Africans and Asians European culture | Events | Berlin Conference - 1884 | "Scramble for Africa" , European countries lay claim to most African countries, Liberia and Ethiopia stay independent | Meiji Restoration | overthrew shogun, samurai groups returned power to emperor because of disagreements about opening up trading ports, introduced a new government | Dollar diplomacy | the USA's method of guaranteeing foreign countries loans as a way to promote themselves as good economic partners | People | Matthew C. Perry | sent to Japan to open their ports from America in 1853, forced Japan to start trading with western countries by show of military force |
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