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VocabMotion | distance from another object changes, change in position | Reference point | place or object used for comparison | Speed | the time it takes something to move a distance | Velocity | speed and direction | Vector quantity | size/magnitude and direction | Scalar quantity | size/magnitude | Constant speed | a speed that stays the same through the distance | Instantaneous speed | speed at any instant | Distance | the length of all parts/between two points | Displacement | the distance from start to end, the overall change in position and a direction | Acceleration | the rate at which velocity changes | Equilibrium | all the forces of an object balance out | Inertia | the property of an object that it resists to change in motion | Mass | amount of matter in an object | Momentum | mass in motion |
Important InformationForce | -a push or a pull | | | -results in two or more objects interacting with each other | | | -all forces have magnitude and direction | | | -measured in Newtons (N) | Acceleration | -increase speed: speed up | | | -decrease speed: slow down, deceleration | | | -change direction | Speed (distance-time) graphs | -point on graph= location of an object from 0 at a particular time | | | -straight slope=constant speed | | | -steeper slope=faster | | | -horizontal line=no movement | | | -curved line=acceleration | Velocity-time graphs | -point on graph=speed of object at a particular time | | | -straight line=constant acceleration | | | -steeper slope=greater acceleration | | | -horizontal line=constant speed |
| | Formulas Speed | distance / time | Distance | speed x time | Time | distance / speed | Average speed | total distance / total time | Acceleration | final velocity - initial velocity/time | Mass | force / acceleration | Force | mass x acceleration | Acceleration | force / mass | Momentum | mass x velocity |
Newton's Laws of Motion Law 1 | An object at rest will stay rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion until a force acts on it. | Law 2 | Force causes acceleration, while mass resists acceleration. | Law 3 | Any action has an equal and opposite reaction. |
Types of Forces Contact forces | a force exerted by physically touching | Applied force | a force applied by a person/object to change another object's motion | Normal force | a force exerted by a surface on an object resting on it | Friction | one surface exerts another when in contact, acts in opposite direction to the object's motion | Non-contact force | a force that acts without physically touching | Gravity | a natural force that pulls objects toward the center of the earth | Magnetism | materials with magnetic fields that attract/repel other objects | Electrical force | the force of two charged objects attracting/repelling each other | Centripetal force | force that keeps objects moving in a circular path, "center-seeking" | Centrifugal force | perception of being pushed outward, "false force" |
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