Terms to know
|
Markovnikov's rule in addition reactions, the proton is added to the carbon atom with the greatest number of hydrogen atoms attached to it
|
|
anti-Markovnikov's rule in addition reactions, the proton is added to the carbon atom with the lowest number of hydrogen atoms attached to it
|
|
zaitsev's rule in elimination reactions, the major product is the more stable alkene with the highly substituted double bond
|
Elimination Reactions
|
E1 multistep,
|
|
E2 single step,
|
Terms
|
Protic Solvents with O-H or N-H bonds and the ability to hydrogen bond
|
|
Aprotic Solvents that dont
|
|
Nucleophile A simple metal and salt, nucleus "loving", usually anions
|
|
Electrophile Must contain a C-LG bond, electron "loving", usually cations
|
|
Solvolysis Reaction the nucleophile is also the solvent
|
|
E/Z System 1. Prioritize the 2 groups attached to each carbon relative to one another. If the higher priority groups are cis, its Z, it their trans, its E
|
|
|
Terms
|
Vicinal 2 atoms or groups bonded to same carbon
|
|
Geminal 2 atoms or groups beonged to the same side of the carbon
|
|
syn-addition added to same plane or same side of compound
|
|
anti-addition added to different sides of compounds
|
Substitution Reactions
|
SN1 2 step, RR possible, tertiary reacts fastest
|
|
SN2 1 step, no RR, Primary reacts fastest
|
Elimination and Substitution Flowchart
|
|
Addition Reactions
Names of Reaction |
Kind of Reactant |
Whats on Arrow |
Product structure |
Catalytic Hydrogenation |
Alkene |
H2 , Ni, Pt or Pd |
alkane, M not applicable, syn, No RR |
Addition of hydrogen halides |
Alkene |
H-X |
M, No syn/anti, RR possible |
Acid Catalyzed hydration |
Alkene |
H2SO4 or H+, H2O |
New H and OH added, M, no syn/anti, RR possible |
Hydroboration-Oxidation |
Alkene |
1. B3H6, 2. H20, -OH |
New H and OH added, Anti-M, Syn, no RR |
Addition of Halogens/halogenation |
Alkene |
X2, CH3Cl |
new vicinal halogens, M not applicable, Anti, No RR |
Cohalogenation |
Alkene |
Br2, H2O |
new halogen and OH, M of OH and Anti-M for halogen, Anti, No RR |
Expoxidation |
Alkene |
RCOO-OH (peroxide) |
Expodie is formed, M not applicable, Syn, No RR |
Ozonolysis |
Alkene |
1. O3, 2. H2O |
2 carbonyl compounds, nothing else applicable |
M=Markovnikov's Rule
Anti-M= Anti-Markovnikov's Rule
RR=Rearrangement
|
Created By
Metadata
Comments
No comments yet. Add yours below!
Add a Comment
Related Cheat Sheets
More Cheat Sheets by shelbeans