Electron ConfigurationValance electrons | Number of electrons in outermost shell. | shell -> subshells -> orbitals | shell | K, L, M, N | n=1, 2, ... | subshell | s, p, d, f, g | 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, ... | orbital | s, px, py, pz | 1s, 2s, 2px, 2py, 2pz | Element is classified as s, p, d and f block element | depending on the orbital filled by the last electron. |
Quantitative ReasoningMole (Avagadro's constant) | It is a unit for telling the count, just like dozen. | 1 mole = 6.02 x 1023 units | Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) | Avagadro's Hypothesis | Volume occupied by 1 mole of ideal gas at STP is 22.41 litres | Mass of neutron | 1.0087 u | Mass of proton | 1.0073 u | Mass of electron | 0.00055 u |
Periodic Table GroupsGroup 1 | Alkali Metals | Valency +1 | ~ium | Group 2 | Alkali Earth Metals | Valency +2 | ~ium | Group 17 | Halogens | Valency -1 | ~ine | Group 18 | Inert (Nobel) Gases | Valency 0 | ~on | Diatomic nonmetals | H, Halogens, C, and O | s-block | Group 1, 2 | p-block | Group 13 to 18 | d-block | Group 3 to 12 |
| | Group 1 (Alkali Metals): +1Hydrogen (Exception: Non-metal) | H | 1 (atomic number) | 1x=1 u or amu | Lithium | Li | 3 | 2x+1=7 | Sodium | Na | 3+8=11 | 2x+1=23 | Potassium | K | 11+8=19 | 2x+1=39 | Rubidium | Rb | 19+18=37 | 2x+11=85 | Caesium | Cs | 37+18=55 | 2x+23=133 | Francium | Fr | 55+32=87 | 2x+49=223 |
Group 2 (Alkali Earth Metals): +2Beryllium | Be | 4 | Magnesium | Mg | 4+8=12 | Calcium | Ca | 12+8=20 | Strontium | Sr | 20+18=38 | Barium | Ba | 38+18=56 | Radium | Ra | 56+32=88 |
Shell, Subshell and Orbital
Electron Configuration - Filling Shells
Energy levels of Orbitals
| | Group 17 (Halogens): -1Fluorine | F | 9 | Chlorine | Cl | 9+8=17 | Bromine | Br | 17+18=35 | Iodine | I | 35+18=53 | Astatine (Exception: Metalloid) | At | 53+32=85 | Ununseptium (Artificial Element) | Uus | 85+32=117 |
Group 18 (Inert or Noble Gases): 0Helium | He | 2 | Neon | Ne | 2+8=10 | Argon | Ar | 10+8=18 | Krypton | Kr | 18+18=36 | Xeon | Xe | 36+18=54 | Radon | Rn | 54+32=86 | Ununoctium | UUo | 86+32=118 |
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