Electron Configuration
Valance electrons |
Number of electrons in outermost shell. |
shell -> subshells -> orbitals |
shell |
K, L, M, N |
n=1, 2, ... |
subshell |
s, p, d, f, g |
1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, ... |
orbital |
s, px, py, pz |
1s, 2s, 2px, 2py, 2pz |
Element is classified as s, p, d and f block element |
depending on the orbital filled by the last electron. |
Quantitative Reasoning
Mole (Avagadro's constant) |
It is a unit for telling the count, just like dozen. |
1 mole = 6.02 x 1023 units |
Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) |
Avagadro's Hypothesis |
Volume occupied by 1 mole of ideal gas at STP is 22.41 litres |
Mass of neutron |
1.0087 u |
Mass of proton |
1.0073 u |
Mass of electron |
0.00055 u |
Periodic Table Groups
Group 1 |
Alkali Metals |
Valency +1 |
~ium |
Group 2 |
Alkali Earth Metals |
Valency +2 |
~ium |
Group 17 |
Halogens |
Valency -1 |
~ine |
Group 18 |
Inert (Nobel) Gases |
Valency 0 |
~on |
Diatomic nonmetals |
H, Halogens, C, and O |
s-block |
Group 1, 2 |
p-block |
Group 13 to 18 |
d-block |
Group 3 to 12 |
|
|
Group 1 (Alkali Metals): +1
Hydrogen (Exception: Non-metal) |
H |
1 (atomic number) |
1x=1 u or amu |
Lithium |
Li |
3 |
2x+1=7 |
Sodium |
Na |
3+8=11 |
2x+1=23 |
Potassium |
K |
11+8=19 |
2x+1=39 |
Rubidium |
Rb |
19+18=37 |
2x+11=85 |
Caesium |
Cs |
37+18=55 |
2x+23=133 |
Francium |
Fr |
55+32=87 |
2x+49=223 |
Group 2 (Alkali Earth Metals): +2
Beryllium |
Be |
4 |
Magnesium |
Mg |
4+8=12 |
Calcium |
Ca |
12+8=20 |
Strontium |
Sr |
20+18=38 |
Barium |
Ba |
38+18=56 |
Radium |
Ra |
56+32=88 |
Shell, Subshell and Orbital
Electron Configuration - Filling Shells
Energy levels of Orbitals
|
|
Group 17 (Halogens): -1
Fluorine |
F |
9 |
Chlorine |
Cl |
9+8=17 |
Bromine |
Br |
17+18=35 |
Iodine |
I |
35+18=53 |
Astatine (Exception: Metalloid) |
At |
53+32=85 |
Ununseptium (Artificial Element) |
Uus |
85+32=117 |
Group 18 (Inert or Noble Gases): 0
Helium |
He |
2 |
Neon |
Ne |
2+8=10 |
Argon |
Ar |
10+8=18 |
Krypton |
Kr |
18+18=36 |
Xeon |
Xe |
36+18=54 |
Radon |
Rn |
54+32=86 |
Ununoctium |
UUo |
86+32=118 |
|
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