Anti-hypertensives Cheat Sheet

CAI	Thiazide or thiazide-like diuretics	Loop diuretics	K sparring diuretics
Decreases H+ and Na ion exchange so Na remians in lumen and gets excreted with HCO3- and water.	In mild HTN alone or in edema caused by nephritic syndrome, liver cirrhosis, HF		Excrete Na & Cl without K, which may lead to hyperkalemia--caridac risk.
Drug design concept originates from anti-bacterial sulfanilamide (weak CAI)
Two groups:
1. Heterocyclic sulfonamides; Acetazolamide, Methazolamide	Hydrochlorothiazide or Indapamide; thiazide like	Furosemide; Azosemide; Ethacrynic acid	Spironolactone; hormonal SE; Amiloride: less hormonal SE; Triametrine
2. Metadisulfamoyl benz deriv.; Dichlorphenamide, Chloraminophenamide

NOT given to sulpha-allergic patients: CAI- Thiazide Diuretics- Loop diuretics except ethacrynic a'

Given in high concentrations to increase osmotic pressure in urine and increase its secretion into urine along with water.

Decreases IOP

1. Glycerine/glycerol

2. Mannitol: Taken IV; Safe on kidney so for renal function diagnosis, acute renal failure or cerebral edema

3. Sorbitol (D-glucitol)/Isosorbide

Hydralazine HCl	Sodium nitroprusside	K channel agonists
Best in combination to avoid individual increase in dose leading to unwanted SE.	Indicated for hypertensive emergencies (very potent VD)	Diazoxide: IV for emergency BP lowering in hospitalized pt.
		Minoxidil: for severe HTN and alopecia.

Affects central nerves:	Affects peripheral nerves:
a-methyl dopa	Reserpine, guanethidine; deplete NT store
Clonidine	Prazosin: a1 antagonist
	Propranolol, atenolol: B blockers

ACEI	ARBS
Captopril: thiol gp attaches to Zn of the metalloenzyme and responsible for SE urticaria or rash	Candesartan: Prodrug that gives free acid from hydrolysis of ethyl ester
Gen2 (prodrugs): Lisinopril, Quinapril, Enalapril	Losartan (non-peptide imidazole): Orally active, potent, selective to AT1 on angiotensin II receptor.
No thiol gp. . Long acting ACEI.	Valsartan

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Anti-hypertensives Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by sam219