Generate free glucose-important control point
1. In most tissues, glucose 6-phosphate (G6P), instead of glucose, is the end product, and is used to synthesize glycogen. |
Glucose 6-phosphatase is present only in the liver and to a lesser extent the kidney. |
6 ATPs are spent in synthesizing glucose from pyruvate |
Energy charge determines whether glycolysis or gluconeogenesis will be most active |
GlucoSSS and Glycolysis are Reciprocally Regulated
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Cooperate between Gsis and Glusis during a sprint
Summary
The place for eukaryotic oxidative phosphorylation |
The driving force for oxidative phosphorylation |
Respiratory chain, components, sequence of e- transfer, sites of H+ pump |
ATP synthase, chemiosmotic hypothesis, binding change mechanism |
Shuttles for molecules across the mitochondrial membranes (ATP/ADP, cytoplasmic NADH) |
The regulation of cellular respiration (ATP/ADP, NAD+/NADH, FAD/FADH2) |
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Summary
Glycolysis Is an Energy-Conversion Pathway in Many Organisms |
Glycolysis, 2 stages, 10 steps, 3 key steps, 2 ATPs, 1 NADH, significance |
The Glycolytic Pathway Is Tightly Controlled |
3 key steps, 3 key enzymes, allosteric activator/inhibitors |
Glucose Can Be Synthesized from Non-carbohydrate Precursors |
Gluconeogenesis, noncarbohydrate sources, four new reactions |
Gluconeogenesis and Glycolysis Are Reciprocally Regulated |
key control points, allosteric activator/inhibitors |
RegulationofCellularRespirationGoverned primarily
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