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Cheatography

IGCSE Biology DIsease and Immunity Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by

cheat sheet and revision tips for biology.

This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.

Charac­ter­istics of living organisms

The charac­ter­istics of living organisms are: MRS GREN
.
Movement, Respir­ation, Sensit­ivity, Growth, Reprod­uction, Excretion and Nutrition.
Movement : is an action by an orgaanism causing a change of position or place.
Respir­ation: Describes the chemical reactions in cells that break down the nutrient molecules and release energy.
Sensit­ivity: is the ability to detect and respond to changes in the enviro­nment.
Growth: is a permanent increase in size.
Reprod­uction: is the process of producing young ones of the same species.
Excretion: is the removal toxic materials from our body.
Nutrition: is taking in of materials for energy, growth and develo­pement.

Charac­ter­istics of living organisms

The Animal kingdom: Verter­brates and Invert­ebr­ates.
(Inver­teb­rates) Coelen­ter­ates, Flatworms, Annelids, Molluscs, Athropods, Crusta­ceans, Insects, Arachnids, Myriapods
(Verte­brates) Fish, Amphib­ians, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals.
 

Movement in and out of cells.

DIffusion: Is the net movement of molecultes and ions from a region of higher concen­tration to a region of lower concen­tration down the concen­tration gradient.
Osmosis: is the net movement of water molecules and ions from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential, through a partially permeablle membrane.
Active transport: is the movement of particles through a cell membrane from a region of lower concen­tration to a region of higher concen­tration against the concen­tration gradient.

Charac­ter­istics of living organisms

Plant Kingdom:
Algae, Bryoph­ytes, Ferns, Conifers, Flowering plants,