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8F Discovery April 20th (2) Cheat Sheet by

A cheat sheet for school.

Algebra Test Cheat Sheet

21/04/2017
Mordialloc College
Discovery 8F

Vocabulary

Expres­sion: A number sentence without an equal sign. Has at least two terms and one operation.
Coeffi­cient: A number that does not stand by itself. It is attached to the variable.
Constant: A number that stands by itself.
Term: Each part of an expression separated by an operation.
Variable: A letter that stands for a particular numerical value.

Reminders

The number comes before the letter.
You do not need to write the multip­lic­ation sign.

FOIL

First Outside Inside Last
eg. (a + 4)(a + 7)
= a2 + 7a + 4a + 28
= a2 + 11a + 28

Substi­tution

To replace a pronumeral with a given value.
eg. 2y + 3
If y was1, then the expression would be
2 x 1 + 3

Expanding and Factor­ising Expres­sions

To expand an expres­sion, multiply each term in the bracket by the number on the outside.
eg. 2(y + 2x) = 2y + 4x
To factorise an expres­­sion, find a common factor to place outside of the brackets.
eg. 3(2x + 7) = 6x + 21
 

Number Laws

Commut­ative Law
The Commut­ative Law refers to the order in which two numbers may be added, subtra­cted, multiplied or divided.
It holds true for addition and multip­lic­ation but not subtra­ction and division.
Associ­ative Law
The Associ­ative Law refers to the order in which three numbers may be added, subtra­cted, multiplied or divided, taking two at a time.
Like the Commut­ative Law, it holds true for addition and multip­lic­ation but not subtra­ction and division.
Identity Law
The Identity Law states that when a zero is added to a number/any number is multiplied by one, the original number remains unchanged.
Inverse Law
The Inverse states that when a number is added to its additive invers­e/m­ult­iplied by its recipr­ocal, the result is one.

Inverse Operations and Backtr­acking

Inverse operations are reverse operations that undo each other.
Addition (+) and subtra­cting (-) are inverse operat­ions. Multip­lic­ation (x) and division (÷) are also inverse operat­ions.
When backtr­acking, you have to work backwards with reverse BODMAS and inverse operat­ions.
eg. 2x - 3 = 19
19 + 3 ÷ 2 = x
∴ x = 10.5
 

Indices and Index Notation

Indices is the plural form of index. An index is a shorthand way of writing a repeated multip­lic­ation.
It is written as a small number to the right and above the base number.
The base is the number that is being multiplied and the index (plural indices) is the number of times it is multip­lied.
In this example: 82 = 8 × 8 = 64
Other names for index are exponent or power.
Index notation is similar to expanded notation, but going one step further and writing multiples of 10 as indices.
eg. 3,657,428 in index notation would be (3 x 106) + (6 x 105) + (5 x 104) + (7 x 103) + (4 x 102) + (2 x 101) + (8 x 100).
Usually, indexes of 1 and 0 are not included in index notation. This is because 101 is equal to 10 and 100 is equal to 1.

Like and Unlike Terms

Terms containing exactly the same pronum­erals, regardless of order, are called like terms.
Unlike terms are terms that have different variables.
Examples of like terms:
12 x and 7 x
12 and 7
12mno and 12mon
Examples of unlike terms:
12x and 7m
12x and 7
12x and 7x²
When simpli­fying expres­sions, we can add or subtract like terms only. Expres­sions which do not have like terms cannot be added or subtra­cted.
eg. 5x + 3x - 7 + 8x = 16x - 7
       
 

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