What is a CFrame?A CFrame is a mix of a position and rotation. CFrames are used to define the position/orientation of bricks, cameras, and many other objects in Roblox places. Think of them as paper airplanes that are frozen in time. They are different from Vector3s and Rays. |
Math involving CFrames isn't as difficult as you might think, but you must understand what's going on behind the code! ConstructorsCFrame.new()
Identity CFrame at (0, 0, 0) facing forward. | CFrame.new(Vector3 v3)
CFrame at Vector3 facing forward. | CFrame.new(Vector3 pos, Vector3 target)
CFrame at Vector3 pos facing Vector3 target. | CFrame.new(x, y, z)
CFrame at (x, y, z) facing forward. | CFrame.new(x, y, z, qX, qY, qZ, qW)
CFrame at (x, y, z) with quaternion (qX, qY, qZ, qW). | CFrame.new(x, y, z, r00, r01, r02, r10, r11, r12, r20, r21, r22)
CFrame at (x, y, z) with given rotation matrix. | CFrame.Angles(rX, rY, rZ)
CFrame at (0, 0, 0) rotated with Euler angles (rX, rY, rZ) in radians. | CFrame.fromAxisAngles(Vector3 unit, number rotation)
Rotated CFrame from unit Vector3 and a rotation in radians. |
All of these return a new CFrame value. Unless otherwise specified, parameters are numbers. OperatorsCFrame * CFrame
Return the composition of two CFrames. | CFrame * Vector3
Returns Vector3 transformed from Object to World coordinates. | CFrame + Vector3
Return CFrame translated in world space by Vector3. | CFrame - Vector3
Return CFrame translated in world space by negative Vector3. |
Remember that order matters! This means that if you flip the values you will get a different value. These expressions give two different results:
cf * cf2
cf2 * cf | | Object space versus World space?When working with CFrames, we often talk about object versus world space. What we're really talking about is relativity. Everything has a position that is relative to everything else. Object space is a way of saying "relative to this CFrame". World space is a way of saying "relative to the origin", or (0, 0, 0). |
This terminology is most often used in method documentation. Use it when trying to code up solutions to CFrame math problems. For example, might you want to transform a Vector3 that you know to be relative to something else (object space) into world space. In that case, you would use brick.CFrame:toWorldSpace(v3). PropertiesProperty | Description | Vector3 p | The 3D position of the CFrame. | number x | The x-component of the Vector3 position. | number y | The y-component of the Vector3 position. | number z | The z-component of the Vector3 position. | Vector3 lookVector | The forward-direction component of the CFrame's orientation. | Vector3 rightVector | The right-direction component of the CFrame's orientation. | Vector3 upVector | The up-direction component of the CFrame's orientation. |
These properties are all read-only, meaning they can be read from, but not changed. This is called immutability. MethodsCFrame cf:inverse() Returns the inverse of this CFrame. | CFrame cf:lerp(CFrame goal, number alpha) Returns a CFrame interpolated between this CFrame, and the goal CFrame by the fraction alpha. | CFrame cf:toWorldSpace(CFrame cf2) Returns a CFrame transformed from Object to World coordinates. Equivalent to cf * cf2 | CFrame cf:toObjectSpace(CFrame cf2) Returns a CFrame transformed from World to Object coordinates. Equivalent to cf:inverse() * cf2 | Vector3 cf:pointToWorldSpace(Vector3 v3) Returns a Vector3 transformed from Object to World coordinates. Equivalent to cf * v3 | Vector3 cf:pointToObjectSpace(Vector3 v3) Returns a Vector3 transformed from World to Object coordinates. Equivalent to cf:inverse() * v3 | Vector3 cf:vectorToWorldSpace(Vector3 v3) Returns a Vector3 rotated from Object to World coordinates. Equivalent to (cf - cf.p) * v3 | Vector3 cf:vectorToObjectSpace(Vector3 v3) Returns a Vector3 rotated from World to Object coordinates. Equivalent to (cf - cf.p):inverse() * v3 | numbers cf:components() Returns the components of the CFrame in this order: x, y, z, R00, R01, R02, R10, R11, R12, R20, R21, R22. | numbers cf:toEulerAnglesXYZ() Returns the best guess angles that could be used to generatea CFrame using CFrame.Angles. See Euler angles. |
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