Cheatography
https://cheatography.com
This is a cheat sheet for GRM 201
This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
Summary
Tenses |
Focused on prasens, perfekt, and Plusquamperfekt. |
Post World War II History |
Focused on East and West Germany (must learn facts) |
Irregular verbs |
Focuses on conjuating irregular verbs for all the tenses we learned |
Identity |
Talk about personal history (Birthplace, influential historical events) |
Important words that are new |
This is a list of words (all types of words) |
Most of this is ripped from the study guide
Präsens
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What is präsens? Präsens is the present tense
It is what is happening right now.
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What is Perfekt? Perfekt = perfect tense = present perfect
Present perfect is for actions that have in the recent past.
Perfekt is one of the past tenses. 1
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What is Präteritum? Präteritum is the past tense.
Used to talk about/express actions that started and finished in the past. 1
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What is Plusquamperfekt? Plusquamperfekt is English past perfect tense.
Expresses actions that took place before a certain point in the past. 2
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Präsens Notes
1 In spoken German, the perfect tense is often used instead of the past tense. We can translate the perfect tense using the English simple past tense.3
2We use this tense in storytelling together with the simple past, to look back at something that happened before a past event.
3The rules for the simple past tense involve forming affirmative sentences by adding '-ed' to regular verbs, with spelling adjustments for verbs ending in 'e', 'y', or a consonant-vowel-consonant pattern. For irregular verbs, the past tense form must be memorized. Negative and interrogative sentences (except for the verb "to be") use the auxiliary "did" followed by the base form of the verb. |
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Temporale Präpositionen
vor |
before
Used to indicate events in the sentences that haven't been talked about yet.
Can indicate that the event happened so many days, weeks, etc, ago. |
nach |
After |
von ... bis |
from ... to
from ... until
Indicates how long something took. |
seit |
since
for (a period of time)
in
indicates an event has started and is still going on for however long 1 |
1 If the event has ended, there is no preposition, the case is then akk, not dat.
All of these prepositions are dat.
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