flexible scheduling
Flextime |
A program that allows employees to choose their starting and ending times, provided that they are at work during a specified core period |
Compressed Workweek |
A four-day (or shorter) period during which an employee works 40 hours |
Job Sharing |
Performance of one full-time job by two people on part-time hours |
cultures
Subcultures |
Minicultures within the organization which are likely to be defined by department designation and geographical separations. |
Dominant culture |
A system of shared meanings that expresses the core values of a majority of the organization's members. |
line structure and a matrix structure
line structure |
Simplest organizational structure characterized by vertical links between the different levels of the organization |
matrix structure |
there is more than one line of reporting managers |
communication
Upward communication |
from empoyees to empoyer |
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such as: progress reports, suggestions for improvement, inquiries, and grievances |
Downward communication |
from empoyer to empoyees |
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such as: directions, the assignment of tasks and responsibilities, performance feedback, and certain details about the organization’s strategies and goals |
Horizontal |
among colleagues and peers on the same organizational level |
Diagonal |
individuals from different units and organizational levels communicate |
sampling
things are likly to be sampled when |
it would distroy the product or be to indeth to do to the hole populatoin |
Allows |
a company to pass an entire batch of products through inspection by testing a sample |
Define
job enlargement |
expanding a worker's assignments to include additional but similar tasks |
separation |
productions and operations manager
Develop and administer the activities involved in transforming resources into goods, services and ideas ready for the marketplace |
Typically involved in:
Planning and designing production facilities
Purchasing raw materials and supplies and managing inventory
Scheduling processes to meet demand
Ensuring products meet quality standards |
Know the various types of Facility Layout
Fixed-Position Layout: A layout that brings all resources required to create the product to a central location
Project Organizations: Companies using a fixed-position layout because it is typically involved in large, complex projects such |
Product Layout:A layout requiring production be broken down into relatively simple tasks assigned to workers, who are usually positioned along an assembly line
Continuous Manufacturing Organizations:Companies that use continuously running assembly lines, creating products with many similar characteristics |
Computer-Assisted Manufacturing (CAM)
Computer-Assisted Design (CAD) |
pieces in Supply Chain Management
Obtaining and managing raw materials and component parts
Managing Packaging
disperbutoin |
Purchasing: also called procurement
Inventory:all parts and equipment
Inventory Control: knowing where,what,amunts, and responsailaty |
Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) Model:Identifies the optimum number
Material-Requirements Planning (MRP):Schedules the precise quantity
Just-In-Time (JIT) Inventory Management: A technique using smaller quantities of materials that arrive “just in time” for use |
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theorys
Classical Theory of Motivation |
theory holding that workers are motivated solely by money |
Theory X |
Theory of motivation holding that people are naturally lazy and uncooperative |
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Employees will work to receive rewards and to avoid punishments. Job behavior must be closely supervised and managed. |
Theory Y |
Employees will work if the job fufills need for: energetic, growth oriented, self-motivated, and productive* |
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managers that subscribe to this theory are more likely to have satisfied and motivated employees; people are motivated to work hard because the act of working is satisfying |
managers leaves
Top Managers |
The president and other top executives of a business, such as the chief executive officer (CEO), chief financial officer (CFO), and chief operations officer (COO), who have overall responsibility for the organization |
Middle Managers |
Those members of an organization responsible for the tactical planning that implements the general guidelines established by top management |
First-Line Managers |
Those who supervise both workers and the daily operations of an organization |
crisis management plan
deals with potential disasters |
-- wether, fire...etc |
responsibilities of the different managers
Middle managers have more focused responsibilities and spend more time organizing than other managers |
skills are necessary for managers
Technical Expertise |
The specialized knowledge and training needed to perform jobs
--most important for first line leave |
Conceptual Skills |
The ability to think in abstract terms and to see how parts fit together to form the whole
--most important for top leave |
Analytical Skills |
The ability to identify relevant issues, recognize their importance, understand the relationships between them and perceive the underlying causes of a situation
--most important for top leave |
Human Relation Skills |
ability to deal with people, both inside and outside the organization
-- important for services providers |
different styles of leadership
Autocratic leaders |
army |make all the decisions then tell employees what must be done and how to do it |
Democratic leaders |
normal |involve their employees in decisions |
Free-rein leaders |
dad |let their employees work without much interference; setting performance standards and letting employees find their own way to meet them |
salary vs. benefits
Salary |
money you get at the end of the month |
Wage |
money you get at the end of the week |
Benefits |
additional compensation paid to or on behalf of employees
such as: premiums for medical, dental, life, and disability insurance, and contributions to pension plans |
(HR) performance appraisals
useed for both measuring and monitoring an employee's contribution |
they are also often the basis for deciding promotions |
primary and secondary characteristics of diversity
primary dimensions:
can not chang
age, ethnicity, gender, physical abilities/qualities, race |
Secondary dimensions:
can chang
educational background, geographic location, income, marital status, military experience, parental status, religious beliefs, and work experiences |
job specification and job description
Job Specification |
states the minimum qualifications required for performing a particular job |
Job Description |
a descriptive statement that describes the role, responsibility, duties, and scope of a particular job |
involved in Planning for Human Resources Needs
Human Resources Managers Handle the staffing function and deal with employees in a formalized manner |
-Determine the human resource needs
-Recruit and hire new employees
-Develop and administer employee benefits, training and performance appraisal programs
-Deal with government regulations |
more? |
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Management
Management |
A process to acheve goals by using resources effectively and efficiently in a changing environment |
Managers |
individuals in organizations who make decisions about: the use of resources and who are concerned with planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling the organization’s activities |
Planning |
is the process of determining the organization’s objectives and deciding how to accomplish them |
plan types: |
Strategic |
Establish long-range objectives and overall strategy |
Tactical |
short-range plans designed to implement stuff for the strategic plan |
Operational |
Very short-term plans, specify actions & individuals |
Crisis |
potential disasters |
Organizing |
The structuring of resources and activities to accomplish objectives |
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-sets up authority strucsure
-creats understanding synergy
-improves communications
-helps avoid misdisterbutoin of resores
-speeds up decisions |
Staffing |
Hiring of people to carry out the work of the organization |
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-recruting
-what skills needed
-Motivating and training
-chosing pay
-Preparing employees for higher-level jobs |
Downsizing |
The elimination of a significant number of employees from an organization |
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-outsorcing
-reduse cost quickly
-job lose & low morale |
Directing |
Motivating* and leading employees to achieve |
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-what/were to do using deadlines
-chocing and giving awards |
Controlling |
The process of evaluating and correcting activities to keep the organization on course |
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-Measuring performance
-compare objectives
-Identifying deviations from the standards
-Investigating the causes of deviations
-Taking corrective action when necessary |
labor union
An organized group of workers who bargain collectively with management in an attempt to get their demands met such as higher wages or better working conditions |
downsize
a company strategy to reduce the scale (size and scope) of its business in order to improve the company's financial performance |
"rightsizing" |
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Quiz: 4
Building a computer so that components can be installed in different configurations to meet customers' needs is a result of modular design |
To ensure quality and efficiency, operations managers take feedback at various points in the transformation process and compare them to established standards |
Operations management includes responsibility fori nputs and outputs |
An organization that creates many products with similar characteristics, such as automobiles, television sets, or vacuum cleaners, would most likely be Continuous manufacturing type of organization |
When managing quality in manufacturing, when is sampling likely to be used When inspection tests are destructive |
Which of the following is not a point of difference between service providers and manufacturers -- Services do not undergo a transformation process |
quality control is the processes an organization uses to maintain its established quality standards |
To receive a haircut, you generally have to go to a barbershop or salon. To the characteristics does this pertain Nature and consumption of output |
The fact that a hairdresser gives each customer a different haircut relates to which of the following points of difference between service providers and manufacturers Uniformity of output |
If ABC Computer Company is determining demand for its future products and how much consumers are willing to pay, the company will likely rely on marketing research |
A company performing large, complex tasks such as construction or exploration is called a project organization |
The transformation process is the conversion of human, financial, and physical resources into goods, services, and ideas |
it is especially difficult to measure quality characteristics when the product is a service |
The transformation process occurs in all organizations, regardless of product |
Why do the products of service providers tend to be more customized than those of manufacturers differing customers have differing needs* |
For most organizations, the ultimate objective is for produced outputs wich are worth more than the costs of input |
Money, employees, time, and equipment represent an airline's inputs to the transformation process |
A planning system that schedules the precise quantity of materials needed for production is called material-requirements planning |
If an employee is associated with producing goods, services, and ideas that satisfy the needs of customers, then she works with operations |
Quality is a critical element of operations management |
Quiz: 3
Forecasting is most closely associated with planning |
The development of a performance-appraisal system is primarily the concern of HR management |
Decisions regarding adding new products, acquiring companies, and moving into foreign markets would most typically be made by top management |
Selecting the best option in the decision-making process is often subjective |
Having good HR skills means that a manager is able to work with others |
Management is a process of coordinating resources to achieve objectives |
Organizations need adequate supplies of all types of resources and coordinate their use carefully to achieve their objectives |
When assessing the appropriateness of a decision option, managers should consider its impact on the organization as a whole |
All of the following steps are a part of the decision-making process except delegating the decision |
Upward communication conveys progress reports and complaints |
Task force is a temporary group of employees, usually chosen for their expertise, responsible for bringing out a specific change |
If Juan's manager gives him an assignment without providing Juan with the resources to complete the assignment, Juan's manager is exhibiting improper delegation of authority |
Gossipis not typically part of downward communication |
Organizational cultures that lack positive values may result in unproductive and indifferent employees |
Joe is a copywriter in his company's marketing department. The copy for an ad placed in Time magazine for his company misspelled the company's name. The marketing vice president is ultimately responsible for the mistake |
The rationale for job specialization is that it is more efficient |
Downward communication conveys explanations of decisions and orders |
Quest Star It flattened its layers of management, structurally, to help it become more competitive with Japanese firms |
Adam Smith illustrated improvements in efficiency through the application of specialization |
Quiz: 6
Allowing one employee to work from different starting times and end times, but with the same core hours is called job sharing |
According to McGregor's Theory X, most workers must be coerced to work. |
The birth of the study of human relations can be traced to time and motion studies conducted by Frederick W. Taylor and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth. |
Achievement, recognition, involvement, responsibility, and advancement are all examples of Herzberg's motivational factors |
rederick Taylor and other early twentieth-century management theorists believed financial incentives would motivate employees to work hard |
A compressed workweek is a four-day or shorter period in which employees work 40 hours |
Theories X and Y are most closely associated with Douglas McGregor |
According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, all of the following represent hygiene factors except responsibility |
If a department store contest promises that the employee with the highest sales will be treated to dinner by the store manager, the store is helping its employees esteem |
All of the following are morale boosters except hygiene |
When explaining employee motivation through Herzberg's two-factor theory, all of the following represent motivational factors except wages |
Through rewarding good performance Eagle Pharmaceutical motivate its employees to perform |
the Hawthorne studies revealed That managers who understand the needs, beliefs, and expectations of people will have the greatest success motivating workers |
Human relations is important in business primarily because it affects worker morale and productivity |
Correct Job enlargement adds tasks to a job instead of treating each task as a separate job |
According to Maslow, an employee who goes to night school to get a college degree to minimize the chance of being laid off during a recession is motivated to fulfill the Security need |
Allowing some employees to work at home part-time is a flexible scheduling strategy |
The person primarily associated with Theory Z is William Ouchi |
A work system that allows employees to choose their starting and ending times as long as they are at work during a specified core period is flextime |
Who ranked people's five basic needs in order of importance Abraham Maslow |
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