Cheatography
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Foundations of Biology EXAM 3
This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
Phases of the cell cycle Mitosis
Prophase |
Chromosomes condense and spindle aparatus forms |
Prometaphase |
Kinetochores assembled at centromere, 2 opposite sides connected to microtubles |
Metaphase |
Lined up on imaginary metaphase plate. Polar microtubles extend from each spindle, overlap in middle, pole-pole connection |
Anaphase |
Cohesions are cleaved, daughters to opposite sides of cell. poles pulled apart |
Telophase |
Nuclear envelope reforms, chromosomes begin to condence |
Cytokinesis |
Division of cytoplasm |
Mitosis
Mitosis |
When cells divide, two gentetically identical sister cells are their products |
Uses |
Somatic cells |
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DNA synthesis in Leading strand
Synthesized |
Continously |
Begins with |
RNA primer |
After RNA primer |
DNA polymerase |
DNA synthesis in lagging strand
Synthesized |
in fragments (Okazaki fragments) |
Initiated by |
RNA polymerase |
RNA polymerase |
builds primers |
DNA polymerase |
replicates DNA off of primers |
RNA primer |
popped out of gaps and replaced with DNA polymerase |
Both leading and Lagging strands
Single stranded binding proteins (SSBs) |
Keep stands from attatching back together |
Ligase |
Fills in gaps or breaks in phosphodiester bonds of backbone |
Helicase |
Seperares, unwinds double stranded DNA |
Topoisomerase |
Helps with stress on wound DNA, ex. Gyrase |
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