Util Functionsgetwd() | gets working dir | setwd("C:/file/path") | set working dir | help.start() | open help | install.packages("package") | install package | library("package") | make content available | detach("package") | detach package | x=read.csv(file.choose()) | import data | ls() | list the variables | str(var) | structure of variable | rm(var) | remove variable |
Arrays and Matrix1D = array(1:24) | 1-D array | 2D=array(1:24,dim=c(6,4)) | 2-D array | 3D=array(1:24,dim=c(4,3,2)) | 3-D array | matrix(1:12,nrow=4,ncol=3) | matrix | rbind/cbind(mat1,mat2) | row/col bind | t(mat) | transpose |
Descriptive StatisticsrowMeans(data[])/ colMeans(data[]) | row/ column mean | rowSums(data[])/ colSums(data[]) | row / column sum |
Graphical Plotsqplot(data, line=TRUE,...) | produces quantile-quantile plot | ggplot(data = NULL, mapping = aes(), ...) | initializes a ggplot object | geom_bar() | bar graph | coord_flip() | flip x and y coordinates | facet_grid() | lay out panels in a grid | geom_density/hist/point | density/histogram/scatter plot |
| | StringstoString(x) | produces a single character string | toupper()/tolower() | converts to upper/lower case | substring(chr,n,n) | retrieves/replaces the substring | paste (…, sep= " ", collapse=NULL) | Convert to character + Concatenate |
Vectornum = c(1,2,3,4,5,6) | numeric vector | chr = c("aaa","bbb") | character vector | log = c(TRUE,TRUE,FALSE) | logical vector | mean(vec) | mean | sd(vec) | standard deviation | var(vec) | variance | range(vec) | range | which.min(vec)/which.max(vec) | position of the min/max value | rep(1:5,times=3) | Replicate elements of vector |
Probability Distributionsrbinom(n, size, prob) | Binomial | rpois(n,size) | Poisson | runif(n, min = 0, max = 1) | Uniform | rnorm(n,mean,sd) | Normal | rexp(n) | Exponential |
| | Data Framesdf = data.frame(subjectID=1:5,gender=c("M","F","M","M","F"),score=c(8,3,6,5,5)) | Created data frames in R | fw = read.csv(file.choose()) | Importing data by choosing a file | grass = read.csv('C:/Users/Downloads/grass.csv') | Importing data by specifying paths | view(df) | opens editor | rbind(a_data_frame, another_data_frame) | Bind rows/ columns of frames | merge(frame1, frame2, by = "x") | Merge 2 data frames | summary(df) | returns descriptive statistics of data |
Loopsif (condition){ Do something } else { Do something different } | ifelse statement | while (condition){ Do something } | while loop | for (variable in sequence){ Do something } | for loop |
Hypothesis testingt.test(data) | 1 sample t test | t.test(data1,data2) | 2 sample t test | t.test(pre,post,paired=TRUE) | paired sample t test | wilcox.test(data) | Wilcox test | cor.test(data1,data2) | correlation test | chisq.test(data) | Chi square test | shapiro.test(data) | Shapiro test | aov() | ANOVA | summary(lm(y ~ x1 + x2 + x3, data=mydata)) | multiple regression | summary(glm(y ~ x1 + x2 + x3, family="", data=mydata)) | classification | cluster = kmeans(data) | cluster analysis |
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