Acromioclavicular joint1. plane type synovial joint | 2. lateral end of the clavicle articulates with the acromion of the scapula | 3. lined with fibrocartilage | 4. coracoclavicular ligament holding it together | 5. allows a degree of axiolateral movement, and anteroposterior movement |
The Shoulder JointGlenohumeral Joint | 1. ball and socket, synovial joint | 2. covered in hyaline cartilage. has articular disc | 3. mobile af - has range of movement | 4. articulations of the surface: head of the humerus with the glenoid fossa of the scapula | 5. joint capsule is a fibrous sheath which encloses the structures of the joint. | 6. extends from the anatomical neck of the humerus to the border or ‘labrum’ of the glenoid fossa. The joint capsule is lax, permitting greater mobility | 7. synovial bursae present for reduction of friction; subscapular and subacromial | 8. three ligaments: superior, middle, inferior glenohumeral ligaments | 9. Movements allowed: extension, flexion, abduction, adduction, rotation |
| | Sternoclavicular Joint1. synovial joint | 2. between the clavicle and the manubrium of the sternum. | 3. only attachment of the upper limb to the axial skeleton | 4. consists of the sternal end of the clavicle, the manubrium of the sternum, and part of the 1st costal cartilage. | 5. joint capsule consists of a fibrous outer layer, and inner synovial membrane |
Elbow Joint1. connecting the upper arm to the forearm | 2. hinge-type synovial joint | 3. trochlea of humerus articulates with trochlear notch of ulna | 4. capitulum of humerus articulates with slightly concave notch of radius | 5. have hyaline cartilage in the articular surfaces | 6. fibrous layer attaches to humerus from margins of the articular surfaces of the medial and lateral surfaces of the capitalum and trochlea | 7. Anteriorly and posteriorly, it is carried superiorly, proximal to the coronoid and olecranon fossae. | 8. the synovial membrane lines the internal surfaces. filled with fluid. | 9. the ligaments: collateral ligaments that are strong and triangular in the medial and lateral thickenings | 10. laterally, radial collateral ligament extends from the lateral epicondyle of humerus and blends with anular ligament of radius | 11. movement of the elbow: flexion, extension, pronation |
| | Radio-Ulnar Joint (proximal)1. pivot type, synovial joint | 2. allows movement of the head of the radius on the ulna | 3. the head of radius articulates with radial notch of ulna | 4. held by the anular ligament of the radius | 5. everything in the elbow region extends down to this proximal head. | 6. movements involved are supination and pronation of the wrist, but controlled by the ulna and radius |
Radio-Ulnar Joint (distal)1. pivot type of synovial joint | 2. radius moves around the fixed distal end of ulna | 3. triangular ligament binds it together | 4. fibrous layer of the joint capsule encloses the distal radio-ulnar joint | 5. deficient superiorly | 6. sacciform recess of the distal radioulnar joint: formed by the synovial membrane | 7. anterior and posterior ligaments strengthen the fibrous layer of the join capsule of the radio-ulnar joint | 8. movement is pronation and supination |
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