Acromioclavicular joint
1. plane type synovial joint |
2. lateral end of the clavicle articulates with the acromion of the scapula |
3. lined with fibrocartilage |
4. coracoclavicular ligament holding it together |
5. allows a degree of axiolateral movement, and anteroposterior movement |
The Shoulder Joint
Glenohumeral Joint |
1. ball and socket, synovial joint |
2. covered in hyaline cartilage. has articular disc |
3. mobile af - has range of movement |
4. articulations of the surface: head of the humerus with the glenoid fossa of the scapula |
5. joint capsule is a fibrous sheath which encloses the structures of the joint. |
6. extends from the anatomical neck of the humerus to the border or ‘labrum’ of the glenoid fossa. The joint capsule is lax, permitting greater mobility |
7. synovial bursae present for reduction of friction; subscapular and subacromial |
8. three ligaments: superior, middle, inferior glenohumeral ligaments |
9. Movements allowed: extension, flexion, abduction, adduction, rotation |
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Sternoclavicular Joint
1. synovial joint |
2. between the clavicle and the manubrium of the sternum. |
3. only attachment of the upper limb to the axial skeleton |
4. consists of the sternal end of the clavicle, the manubrium of the sternum, and part of the 1st costal cartilage. |
5. joint capsule consists of a fibrous outer layer, and inner synovial membrane |
Elbow Joint
1. connecting the upper arm to the forearm |
2. hinge-type synovial joint |
3. trochlea of humerus articulates with trochlear notch of ulna |
4. capitulum of humerus articulates with slightly concave notch of radius |
5. have hyaline cartilage in the articular surfaces |
6. fibrous layer attaches to humerus from margins of the articular surfaces of the medial and lateral surfaces of the capitalum and trochlea |
7. Anteriorly and posteriorly, it is carried superiorly, proximal to the coronoid and olecranon fossae. |
8. the synovial membrane lines the internal surfaces. filled with fluid. |
9. the ligaments: collateral ligaments that are strong and triangular in the medial and lateral thickenings |
10. laterally, radial collateral ligament extends from the lateral epicondyle of humerus and blends with anular ligament of radius |
11. movement of the elbow: flexion, extension, pronation |
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Radio-Ulnar Joint (proximal)
1. pivot type, synovial joint |
2. allows movement of the head of the radius on the ulna |
3. the head of radius articulates with radial notch of ulna |
4. held by the anular ligament of the radius |
5. everything in the elbow region extends down to this proximal head. |
6. movements involved are supination and pronation of the wrist, but controlled by the ulna and radius |
Radio-Ulnar Joint (distal)
1. pivot type of synovial joint |
2. radius moves around the fixed distal end of ulna |
3. triangular ligament binds it together |
4. fibrous layer of the joint capsule encloses the distal radio-ulnar joint |
5. deficient superiorly |
6. sacciform recess of the distal radioulnar joint: formed by the synovial membrane |
7. anterior and posterior ligaments strengthen the fibrous layer of the join capsule of the radio-ulnar joint |
8. movement is pronation and supination |
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