This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
Animal Phylogeny - Chordates
Are bilaterians monophyletic?
- Yes. Monophyletic Group |
Are pseudocoelomates monophyletic?
- No. Evolved seperately many times |
Phylum Chordata
humans |
All chordates have all of these characteristics |
1. Dorsal Neural Tube
- spinal cord in humans. Main nervous tissue |
2. Notochord
- may be replaced by vertebral column
- Cartalage that provides support and becomes spinal column in humans from posterior to anterior |
3. Pharyngeal Slits (become gills in fish)
- pharyngeal pouches present in all vertebrate embryos |
4. Post-anal tail
- humans have this during embryo |
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Gator
What makes a gator a vertebrate? |
Head
- Distinct and well-differentiated possessing sensory organs.
- The brain is enclosed in a protective box |
Vertebral Column
- Enclosed and protects the dorsal nerve cord |
Vertebrates also have
- Internal Organs: liver, kidneys, endocrine glands, heart and closed circulatory system
- Endoskeleton: made of cartilage or bone
Makes possible great size and extraordinary movement |
How is a gator a chordate? |
- Dorsal Neural Tube |
- Notochord |
- Pharyngeal Slits (during development) |
- Post-anal tails |
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