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Scientists and their discoveries for understanding the atomic theory
Empedocles (500 B.C)All matter is made up of water, earth, air & fire |
Democritus (300 B.C)Known as The Laughing Philosopher | Atoms are indivisible, indestructible, in motion & differs in shapes and sizes |
John Dalton (Early 1800s)Billiard Ball Model / Solid Sphere Model | Atoms can't be destroyed, subdivided or created | Atoms of the same element have identical properties; Atoms from different elements have different properties | During chemical reactions, atoms can be rearranged, separated or created | Atoms are combined in simple whole number ratios |
J.J Thompson (Late 1800s)Plum Pudding Model | Discovered that electrons are stuck in a positively charged matter | Conducted the cathode-ray experiment; Beta particles were attracted to the positively charged magnets |
Ernest Rutherford (1911)Nuclear Model / Rutherford's Model | Dense, tiny positively charge in the centre of an atom | Several spaces in an atom | Most of the mass is in the nucleus | If J.J Thompson's discovery was accurate, the particles would've had minor deflects, but there were major deflects | Gold foil was used b/c it is the most malleable metal |
| | Niels Bohr (1913)Planetary Model / Bohr's Model | Electrons emit photons (quantum of light) jumps up or down to other shells and doesn't spiral into the nucleus while emitting photons |
Max PlanckProposed that particles can emit a certain amount of electromagnetic radiation | Electrons need to obtain the amount of energy before emitting it | Analogy: Similar to a bank machine...you can only receive multiple of $20.00, although other amounts exit (e.g. $32.00) |
Werner Heisenberg's Uncertainty PrincipleIt's impossible to know both the position (location) & the momentum (speed) of a particle at any given moment |
Erwin Schrodinger (1926)Quantum Mechanical Model | Mathematically predicted the regions of space where electrons can be found |
De BroglieQuantum Mechanical Model | Electrons behave like waves & particles |
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