Food in the body
Name |
Uses |
|
Found in |
Water |
Regulates Distrib. Removes |
temp. nutrients. waste products. |
Fruit Vegetables Dairy |
Fibre |
Adds ...to... Prevents |
bulk faeces. constipation |
Plants |
Carbs |
Provides Stores |
energy. energy. |
Grains |
Lipids |
Provides Produces Digests |
energy. hormones. and absorbs foods |
Dairy Animal Products |
Protein |
Building muscles, skin, hair and |
bones, cartilage, blood nails |
Meat |
Vitamins |
Depends |
on the |
vitamin |
Minerals |
Building bones Transmi nerve |
strong as well as tting impulses |
minerals |
Enzymes
Enzymes are chemicals that speed up chemical reactions.
- Carbohydrase – breaks carbohydrate into smaller sugars.
- Protease – breaks protein into amino acids.
- Lipase – breaks fat into fatty acids and glycerol. |
Responsibilities of blood
Blood is responsible for:
• Transporting gases (Oxygen, Carbon dioxide)
• Transporting water
• Transporting Nutrients
• Transporting Wastes
• Delivering immune cells to fight disease
• Transporting heat |
|
|
Obesity
Diseases associated with obesity
• High blood pressure
• Atherosclerosis
• Cardiovascular disease
• Stroke
• Some cancers
- Breast
- Endometrial
- Colon
• Type 2 diabetes
The recommended daily intake of kilo-joules for an adult - 8700
Factors that increase the risk of obesity:
- Genetics (Obese parentage)
- Eating more kilojoules than you use
- Inactivity (Exercise)
- Modern living (Cars, computers)
- Socioeconomic factors (Money and Education) |
Cellular respiration
Cellular respiration is the process of taking in oxygen to produce energy, water and carbon dioxide.
The role of the circulatory system is to carry oxygen to tissues, wastes away from tissues and nutrients water and heat around the body. |
Blood in the heart
From the body |
Superior/Inferior Vena Cava |
Right Atrium |
Right Ventricle |
Pulmonary Artery |
Lungs |
Carbon Dioxide out/Oxygen in |
Pulmonary Veins |
Left Atrium |
Left Ventricle |
Aorta |
To the Body |
What is in our breath
Gas |
% in inhaled air |
% in exhaled air |
Difference |
Nitrogen |
78 |
78.5 |
+0.5 |
Oxygen |
21 |
14 |
-7 |
Carbon Dioxide |
<1 |
5.6 |
+5.5 |
Water Vapour |
Varying |
100 |
100 |
Inhalation and Exhalation
Inhalation. Ribcage moves outward and the lungs expand, Air moves in, Diaphragm moves down, volume of chest cavity increases, intercostal muscles contract, decreases pressure in chest cavity.
Exhalation, ribcage moves inward and the lungs contract, air moves out, diaphragm moves up, volume of chest cavity decreases, intercostal muscles expand, increases pressure in chest cavity.
Breathing out is called relaxing, breathing in is called contracting. |
|
|
Food testing
Component |
Description |
Reagent |
Positive Result |
Sugar |
Add 10 drops reagent 80oc for 5 min |
Benedicts Solution |
Cloudy red |
Starch |
Add 3 drops reagent |
Iodine |
Purple-Black with residue |
Protein |
Add 10 drops NaOH And 10 drops CaSo4 |
Biurets (NaOH + CaSo4) |
Change in colour |
Fat |
Rub sample on brown paper |
Brown Paper |
Sinks into paper |
Components of cells
Components |
Description |
Function |
Amount |
White blood cells |
Invisible unless stained |
Immune cells |
1% |
Red blood cells |
1/4 size of white blood cell |
Carry oxygen around the body, |
44% |
Plasma |
Liquid portion of blood |
Where carbon dioxide is dissolved. |
54% |
Platelets |
Cell fragment |
Help clot the blood |
1% |
Breathing
In the lungs, oxygen travels to thousands of tiny air sacs called alveoli.
These are covered in capillaries, The increased surface area-because of these tiny air sacs- paired with thin walls, increase the rate of gas diffusion into/from the capillaries |
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