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BIOLOGY EUKARYOTIC AND PRO Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by

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This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.

PROK­ARYOTIC EUKARY­OTIC

Prokar­yotic unicel­lular
pro means before and karyon means nut or kernel­(nu­cleus)
Eukaryotic multic­ellular
eu means true
Prokar­yotic
first and oldest type of cell
three-­domain system
archaea, bacteria eukarya
Eukaryotic organism can be
protist, fungus a plant or an animal
differ­ences in organelles
prokar­yotic cells
no membra­ne-­bound organelles
eukaryotic
membra­ne-­bound organelles
genetic material
prokar­yotic cells
short, circular DNA has no introns or exons
eukaryotic cells
long, linear DNA has introns or exons
ribosomes
prokar­yotic
smaller ribosomes 70s
eukaryotic
larger ribosomes 80s
sizes and complexity
prokar­yotic
smaller and less complex
eukaryotic
larger and more complex
reprod­uction
prokar­yotic
asexual
eukaryotic
sexual

cells first part

THREE DOMAINS OF LIFE
bacteria archaea and eukarya
Eukarya includes
protista plantae fungi animalia
prokar­yotic cells parts and terms
pili
used for transfer of DNA from one bacterium to anotehr
fimbriae
adhering cells to surface
nucleoid region
contains its genetic material in a form of DNA (short double­-st­randed, circular loop)
Plasmids
antiba­cterial resistance
flagella or flagellum
allows locomotion
plasma membrane
semi permeable membrane
cell wall
maintains the shape
capsule
protective layer
cytoplasm
water, nutrients, etc.
ribosomes
rRNA and proteins smaller (70S0
Svedberg (S)
unit of rate of settling down of particles on a particular medium.
PROKAR­YOTIC CELL REPROD­UCTION
asexual reprod­uction through a process knows as binary fission
EUKARYOTIC CELLS
centriole
produce spindle fibers that aid in chromosome movement
plasmo­desmata
holes in the cell wall that allow the commun­ication and transp­ort­ation of materi­als­(pl­ants)
asexual reprod­uction
budding
new organism develops
fragme­ntation
a piece of the body or
vegetative
new plants are produced from root....
sexual reprod­uction
when the sperm from the male parent fertilizes an egg from the female parent...
THREE MAIN FORM OF BACTERIAL SEXUAL REPROD­UCTION*
conjug­ation
one bacterium transfers genetic mat to another through direct contact
transf­orm­ation
type of prokar­yotic rep in which a prokaryote can take up DNA found within the enviro­nment that has originated from other prokar­yotes
transd­uction
genetic recomb­ination in bacteria in which genes from a hostcell are incorp­orated in to the genome of a bacterial virus and then carried to another host
transf­ection
electrical shock
 

part 2

common features of pro and eukaryotic
plasma membrane cytoplasm DNA nucleoid region Nucleus ribosomes
TERMS
organelles
enable the cell to live grow and reproduce
cell membrane
outer later of cell ; allow nutrients in to the cell and wastes outside of the cell gate in to the city
cytoplasm
jelly like fluid contained in the cell that holds the organelles
the nucleus
control center of the cell ; contains the cell's DNA mayor's office
Mitoch­ondria
power center ; provides the energy the cell needs; electric company of the cell
ribosomes
site where proteins are made ; cell parts are made of proteins factories of the cell
endopl­asmic reticulum
transp­ort­ation system ; rough ER-rib­osomes attached smooth ER_no riboso­mes's roadways of the cells
golgi complex
packaging house of cells UPS of the cell
lysosomes
digest food particles and cells parts ; protects cell garbage and police men
vauole
largest organelle in plants cell ; stores water food and wastes
cell wall
found only in plant cells ; protects ad supports the cell
chrolo­plasts
found only in plants cells where photos­ynt­hesis takes place