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Sailing & Safety at sea in New South Wales
VHF Radio ChannelsUsage | Channel | Distress, safety and calling | 16 | Working channels | 72, 73 or 77 | Weather | 67 | Sydney Harbour Master | 12 |
Mayday alert
When in distress and grave and imminent danger.
Mayday x 3
This is yacht {name of vessel} x 3
Mayday {name of vessel}
{MMSI if distress alert sent}
{position of vessel}
{nature of distress}
{number on board}
Over
Pan Pan alert
When you need to send an urgent message but you’re not in imminent danger.
Pan Pan x 3
All ships x 3
This is {name of vessel}
{MMSI if urgent alert sent}
{position of vessel}
{nature of distress}
{number on board}
Over Weather Forecast SourcesBoating weather NSW 131236 | Bureau of Meteorology (bom.gov.au) | Local newspaper, radio or tv | Marine rescue |
Alcohol limitsDescription | Limit | Commercial vessels | 0.02 | England | 0.02 | Rest of the World | 0.05 |
Note: These limits also apply to vessels under anchor. Marina Berths, Jetties & Swings Moorings do not apply. Man Overboard ProcedureTurn on engine & assign spotter | Sail on a reach | Tack & drop Jib | Sail back on a reach using Main as accelerator | Pick up victim (downwind if vessel is smaller) |
Collision RegulationsPower gives way to sail | Port tack gives way to starboard tack | Overtaking vessel must give way | Windward vessel keeps clear on same tack | Head on, both yield to starboard |
Note: In Sydney Harbour all vessels must give way to ferries. | | Required Safety EquipmentPersonal floatation devices for all on board | Paddles or 2 x means of propulsion | 2 x buckets | Anchor | Fire extinguisher | First aid kit | Water proof torch | Overboard retrieval gear | YA rule book | Sharp knife | Orange V distress sheet | Portable nav lights & battery | Flares (Orange hand or red parachute) | Marine radio | EPIRB | Sound signals (Air horn, whistle or bell) |
Distress SignalsFlares (Orange hand/floating or red parachute) | Raising and lowering arms | EPIRB | Ball over square shape | Continuous sounding of fog horn | Code flags N over C | SOS light signal |
Fire rocket flare straight above vessel. 15o downwind in heavy winds or at 45o in low cloud. Sound Signals (Rule 34)Signal | Meaning | One short blast | Altering my course to starboard | Two short blasts | Altering my course to port | Three short blasts | My engines are running in reverse | Five short blasts | What are your intentions? | One long blast entering bend | Possbily obscured to other vessels | Two long blasts, one short blast | I intend to pass on your starboard side | Two long blasts, two short blasts | I intend to pass on your port side |
One long blast at interval in fog means 'Power vessel making way'. One long blast, followed by 2 short blasts at interval in fog means 'Vessel under sail making way'. Fixing your positionUse a transit and measure depth below | Use bearings (2 or 3 point fix) | GPS | Radar | Passing an object on a chart | Transit and a fixed bearing |
| | Beaufort Wind ScaleCategory | Description | Wind Speeds | 1 | Light airs | 1 - 3 knots | 2 | Light breeze | 4 - 6 Knots | 3 | Gentle breeze | 7 - 10 knots | 4 | Moderate | 11 - 16 knots | 5 | Fresh breeze | 17 - 21 knots | 6 | Strong breeze | 22 - 27 knots | 7 | Near gale | 28 - 33 knots | 8 | Gale | 34 - 40 knots | 9 | Servere gale | 41 - 47 knots | 10 | Storm | 48 - 55 knots |
Marine Weather Wind ScaleDescription | Wind Speeds | Strong wind | 26 - 33 knots | Gale | 34 - 47 knots | Storm force | 48 - 63 knots | Hurricane force | 64+ knots |
Note: Calculated as averages over 10 minutes. Gusts can be up to 40% higher. Waves may be twice the forecast height. Waves & Weather FormationWaves are living energy created by the sun | The bigger the gap between waves, the bigger the waves | Distance travelled by wave determines its energy |
Types of MooringsColour | Usage | Yellow | Private | Orange | Commercial | Blue | Police |
General rule is you can't moor on anybody's berth without permission from the official channels. Types of SailsColour | Material | White | Datcron | Brown | Kevlar | Blue | Spectra |
Types of KnotsType | Usage | Bowline | General purpose | Sheet bend / Reef knot | Join two ropes | Rolling hitch | Take a load | Figure 8 | Stopper knot | Clove hitch | Mooring | Round turn 21/2 hitch | Mooring |
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