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Cheatography

Russian Grammar Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by

Verbs, Nouns, Adjectives in Russian Grammar

This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.

Conjug­ation (verbs / tegus­õna)

Person
I conj a/ja/e­/ova/nu
II conj i
Я ('I')
у/ю
у/ю
Ты ('You')
ешь
ишь
Он/она/оно ('Him/­Her­/It')
ет
ит
Мы ('We')
ем
им
Вы ('You')
ете
ите
Они ('Them')
ут/ют
ат/ят
"to ..." is the infinitive of a verb, and keeps the -ть, while "I am ..." requires conjug­ation

Conjug­ation exceptions

I conj
II conj
брить ('to shave')
видеть ('to see')
стелить ('to lay')
вертеть ('to twirl')
 
обидеть ('to offend')
 
зависеть ('to depend')
 
ненавидеть ('to hate')
 
терпеть ('to tolerate')
 
смотреть ('to watch')
 
слышать ('to hear')
 
дышать ('to breathe')
 
гнать ('to drive')
 
держать ('to keep')

Past (verb / tegusõna)

Gender
Ending
Male
л
Female
ла
Middle
ло
Plural
ли
Gender is determined by the subject (I was speaking, She was eating)
 

Nominative adjectives (omadu­ssõnad)

Gender
Ending
Male
ый ий ой
Female
ая
Middle
ое
Plural
ые ие
If the stem ends in г, ж, к, х, ч, ш, or щ, you add и, not ы

If the stem ends in ж, ц, ч, ш, or щ, any unstressed o in an ending is instead written as e

Nominative exception

Gender
Ending
Male
ний
Female
няя
Middle
нee
Multiple
ние
If the word ends in -ний, such as синий (dark blue)

Accusative adjectives

Gender
Ending
Male
ый/ий/ой
Female
ую
Middle
ое
Plural
ые/ие
Accusative adjectives are direct objects of the verb, ex. 'I wrote a long letter'.

If the modified masculine noun is a person or animal, then use ого/его.
If the modified plural noun is a person or animal, then use ых/их.

Genitive adjectives

Gender
Ending
Male/M­iddle
ого/его
Female
ой/ей
Plural
ых/их
If the adjective has the soft ending or ends in the 5-letter rule (ш, щ, ч, ж, ц), it ends in -его.