Cheatography
https://cheatography.com
A basic Korean grammar reference.
This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
Topic particle
The theme particle indicates the main topic of the statement. It can be 은 (if the theme ends on consonant) or 는
(if the theme ends on vowel).
Example: 저는 김 입니다
. (I am Kim) |
Direction
The 에서 particle is used to indicate where is happening an action (like to go, to hit, to drive).
Ex: PC방에서 이메일을 보냈어. (I sent an e-mail at the PC room) |
Informal verb conjugations
Ending letter after dropping -다 |
Vowel closest to -다 |
What to add to the verb root |
Example (infinitive) |
Consonant |
ㅏ or ㅗ |
아 |
받아 (받다) |
|
NOT ㅗ or ㅏ |
어 |
Vowel |
ㅏ, ㅐ, ㅓ |
nothing |
가 (가다) |
|
ㅗ |
ㅏ |
봐 (보다) |
|
ㅡ |
change ㅡ to ㅓ |
써 (쓰다) |
|
ㅣ |
changeㅣ to ㅕ |
기다려 (기다리다) |
|
ㅟ |
어 |
쉬어 (쉬다) |
|
|
Object particle
The object particle indicates the object of the statement. It can be 을 (if the object ends on consonant) or 를 (if the object ends on vowel).
Example: 텔레비전을 시청하다. (Watch TV) |
Sino-Korean Numbers
1 |
일 |
9 |
구 |
2 |
이 |
10 |
십 |
3 |
삼 |
100 |
백 |
4 |
사 |
1000 |
천 |
5 |
오 |
10000 |
만 |
6 |
육 |
100000 |
십만 |
7 |
칠 |
100000 |
백만 |
8 |
발 |
Polite verb conjugation
For make polite a verb, just add 요 to the informal conjugation of the selected verb.
Example: 받다 (infn) -> 받아 (infr) -> 받아요 (polite) |
Formal verb conjugation
For making the formal version of a verb, add ㅂ니다 at the end of the root if it ends on vowel, or 씁니다 if it ends on consonant.
Ex 1: 입다 (infn) -> 있습니다
Ex 2: 하다 (infn) -> 합니다 |
|
|
Dative particle
There are four dative particles in Korean: 에게, 한테, 에 and 게.
에게 and 한테 are used when the actions are directed to animated things, on the other hand, 에 and 게 are used in the opposite case: when the actions are directed to an inanimated object.
Note: 게 is the honorific form of 에.
Ex 1: 저는 엄마에게 전화를 했습니다. (I called my mom)
Ex 2: 저는 학교에 갑니다. (I go to school) |
Native Korean Numbers
1 |
하나 |
20 |
스물 (스무) |
2 |
들 |
30 |
서른 |
3 |
셋 |
40 |
마흔 |
4 |
넷 |
50 |
쉰 |
5 |
다섯 |
60 |
예순 |
6 |
여섯 |
70 |
일흔 |
7 |
일곱 |
80 |
여든 |
8 |
여덟 |
90 |
아흔 |
9 |
아홉 |
100 |
백 |
10 |
열 |
|