Definitions
Anatomy:The study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another (organization). It is concrete; can be seen, felt, and examined. |
*Gross anatomy: The study of the larger structures of the body, those visible without the aid of magnification |
*Microscopic anatomy: The study of structures that can be observed only with the use of a microscope or other magnification devices |
Physiology: The study of the function of living organisms. How all the body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities. |
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Levels of Organization
Subatomic particles: Parts of an atom; protons (+), neutrons (0), and electrons (-) |
Molecule: 2 or more bonded atoms. |
Macromolecule: Many small molecules into one large molecule. |
Organelle: A structure within a cell that performs a specialized function |
Cell: The basic unit of structure and function in an organism |
Tissue: A group of cells of similar origin which work as a unit to carry out a specialized function |
Organ: A structure made of 2 or more tissue types that work together to carry out a specialized function |
Organ System: A collection of organs that act together to carry out related body activities |
Organism: An individual living thing made up of organ systems |
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Organelles
Organelle |
Function |
Cytosol |
The jelly-like substance within the cell, provides the fluid medium necessary for biochemical reactions. |
Cytoplasm |
The organelles and cytosol together |
Endoplasmic Reticulum |
Provides passages throughout much of the cell that function in transporting, synthesizing, and storing materials. |
*Rough ER |
Synthesis and modification of proteins |
**Ribosomes |
Site of protein synthesis |
*Smooth ER |
Lipid synthesis |
Golgi Apparatus |
Sorts, modifies, and ships off the products that come from the rough ER |
Lysosomes |
Contains enzymes that break down and digest unneeded cellular components, such as a damaged organelle. |
Mitochondria |
The “energy transformer”, convert energy stored in nutrient molecule into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which provides usable cellular energy to the cell |
Peroxisome |
Lipid metabolism and chemical detoxification |
Cytoskeleton |
Helps the cells to maintain their structural integrity; cell motility, cell reproduction, and transportation of substances within the cell |
Centriole |
The cellular origin point for microtubules extending outward as cilia or flagella or can assist with the separation of DNA during cell division |
Nucleus |
The "control center of the cell"; contains the genetic material that determines the entire structure and function of that cell |
Nuclear Envelope |
Membrane surrounding the Nucleus |
Nuclear Pore |
Tiny passageways for the passage of proteins, RNA, and solutes between the nucleus and the cytoplasm |
Nucleolus |
Manufactures the RNA necessary for construction of ribosomes |
Chromatin |
Genetic material composed of DNA and proteins |
Organelles
Organelle |
Function |
Cytosol |
The jelly-like substance within the cell, provides the fluid medium necessary for biochemical reactions. |
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