Generic count # of elements in a collection
public final class Algorithm {
public static <T> int countIf(Collection<T> c, UnaryPredicate<T> p) {
int count = 0;
for (T elem : c)
if (p.test(elem))
++count;
return count;
}
}
public interface UnaryPredicate<T> {
public boolean test(T obj);
}
import java.util.*;
class OddPredicate implements UnaryPredicate<Integer> {
public boolean test(Integer i) { return i % 2 != 0; }
}
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Collection<Integer> ci = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4);
int count = Algorithm.countIf(ci, new OddPredicate());
System.out.println("Number of odd integers = " + count);
}
}
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The program prints:
Number of odd integers = 2
compile? If not, why?
public class Singleton<T> {
public static T getInstance() {
if (instance == null)
instance = new Singleton<T>();
return instance;
}
private static T instance = null;
}
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No. You cannot create a static field of the type parameter T.
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Swap positions of two elements in array.
public final class Algorithm {
public static <T> void swap(T[] a, int i, int j) {
T temp = a[i];
a[i] = a[j];
a[j] = temp;
}
}
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Method 2 find the maximal element of a list.
import java.util.*;
public final class Algorithm {
public static <T extends Object & Comparable<? super T>>
T max(List<? extends T> list, int begin, int end) {
T maxElem = list.get(begin);
for (++begin; begin < end; ++begin)
if (maxElem.compareTo(list.get(begin)) < 0)
maxElem = list.get(begin);
return maxElem;
}
}
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How invoke 2 find the first integer...
public static <T>
int findFirst(List<T> list, int begin, int end, UnaryPredicate<T> p)
___
import java.util.*;
public final class Algorithm {
public static <T>
int findFirst(List<T> list, int begin, int end, UnaryPredicate<T> p) {
for (; begin < end; ++begin)
if (p.test(list.get(begin)))
return begin;
return -1;
}
// x > 0 and y > 0
public static int gcd(int x, int y) {
for (int r; (r = x % y) != 0; x = y, y = r) { }
return y;
}
}
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Compiler erases parameters, y use generics?
The Java compiler enforces tighter type checks on generic code at compile time. |
Generics support programming types as parameters. |
Generics enable you to implement generic algorithms. |
Converted to after type erasure?
public class Pair {
public Pair(Object key, Object value) {
this.key = key;
this.value = value;
}
public Object getKey() { return key; }
public Object getValue() { return value; }
public void setKey(Object key) { this.key = key; }
public void setValue(Object value) { this.value = value; }
private Object key;
private Object value;
}
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converted to after type erasure?
public static <T extends Comparable<T>>
int findFirstGreaterThan(T[] at, T elem) {
// ...
}
// becomes
public static int findFirstGreaterThan(Comparable[] at, Comparable elem) {
// ...
}
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compile? If not, why?
public static void print(List<? extends Number> list) {
for (Number n : list)
System.out.print(n + " ");
System.out.println();
}
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Will the following class compile? If not, why?
public final class Algorithm {
public static <T> T max(T x, T y) {
return x > y ? x : y;
}
}
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No. The greater than (>) operator applies only to primitive numeric types.
Compile?
class Node<T> implements Comparable<T> {
public int compareTo(T obj) { / ... / }
}
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Compile
class Shape { / ... / }
class Circle extends Shape { / ... / }
class Rectangle extends Shape { / ... / }
class Node<T> { / ... / }
Node<Circle> nc = new Node<>();
Node<Shape> ns = nc;
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No. Because Node<Circle> is not a subtype of Node<Shape>.
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