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S&T: Reported Speech Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by

Convert the active to passive voice for synthesis and transformation questions.

This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.

Tense

Present
→
Past
Past
→
Past Perfect
Can
→
Could
May
→
Might
Shall
→
Should
Will
→
Would
Must
→
Had to
Had
→
Had Had
Did
→
Had

Time

Today
→
That day
Yesterday
→
The previous day
Tomorrow
→
The following day
Last (week, month, year)
→
The previous (week, month, year)
Next (week, month, year)
→
The following (week, month, year)

#1 Normal Statements

Q: Lily said, "I went to this place yester­day."
A: Lily said that she had gone to that place the previous day.
Steps to change:
 ­ ­ ­ ­ 1) Add "­tha­t"
 ­ ­ ­ ­ 2) Change Tense, Pronoun, Time and Place
 ­ ­ ­ ­ 3) Put full-stop

#3 Command or Request

Q: The teacher said, "­Please complete your work by tomorr­ow."­
A: The teacher told the students to complete their work by the following day.
Steps to change:
 ­ ­ ­ ­ 1) Add "­to" to the verb in the comman­d/r­equest
 ­ ­ ­ ­ 2) Change Tense, Pronoun, Time and Place
 ­ ­ ­ ­ 3) Put full-stop
In this example, the verb in the comman­d/r­equest is "­com­ple­te", so we add the word "­to" to make it "to comple­te".

#5 Special Cases

Q: Mum asked me, "­Who's your Music teache­r?"
A: Mum asked me who my Music teacher was.
Steps to change:
 ­ ­ ­ ­ 1) Change Tense, Pronoun, Time and Place
 ­ ­ ­ ­ 2) (is, are, was or were) must be at the end of the sentence
 ­ ­ ­ ­ 3) Put full-stop
 

Pronoun

I
→
He/She
My
→
His/Her
Me
→
Him/Her
Us
→
Them
Our
→
Their
Ours
→
Theirs
You/Your
→
Depends on subject (I/He/She)

Position

This
→
That
These
→
Those
Now
→
Then
Here
→
There
Bring
→
Take
Come
→
Go

#2 Questions

Q: Jane asked Peter, "Did you complete your homewo­rk?­"
A: Jane asked Peter if he had completed his homework.
Steps to change:
 ­ ­ ­ ­ 1) Add "­if" for yes/no questions
 ­ ­ ­ ­ 2) Change Tense, Pronoun, Time and Place
 ­ ­ ­ ­ 3) Invert the subject and verb
 ­ ­ ­ ­ 4) Put full-stop
If the question is not a yes/no question, then ignore step 1.

#4 Habit or Fact

Q: Jane told Jim, "­Din­osaurs are extinc­t."
A: Jane told Jim that Dinosaurs are extinct.
Steps to change:
 ­ ­ ­ ­ 1) Add "­if" or "­tha­t"
 ­ ­ ­ ­ 2) Change Pronoun, Time and Place
 ­ ­ ­ ­ 3) Put full-stop
For habits and facts, do not change the tense.