Tense
Present |
→ |
Past |
Past |
→ |
Past Perfect |
Can |
→ |
Could |
May |
→ |
Might |
Shall |
→ |
Should |
Will |
→ |
Would |
Must |
→ |
Had to |
Had |
→ |
Had Had |
Did |
→ |
Had |
Time
Today |
→ |
That day |
Yesterday |
→ |
The previous day |
Tomorrow |
→ |
The following day |
Last (week, month, year) |
→ |
The previous (week, month, year) |
Next (week, month, year) |
→ |
The following (week, month, year) |
#1 Normal Statements
Q: Lily said, "I went to this place yesterday." |
A: Lily said that she had gone to that place the previous day. |
Steps to change: |
1) Add "that" |
2) Change Tense, Pronoun, Time and Place |
3) Put full-stop |
#3 Command or Request
Q: The teacher said, "Please complete your work by tomorrow." |
A: The teacher told the students to complete their work by the following day. |
Steps to change: |
1) Add "to" to the verb in the command/request |
2) Change Tense, Pronoun, Time and Place |
3) Put full-stop |
In this example, the verb in the command/request is "complete", so we add the word "to" to make it "to complete".
#5 Special Cases
Q: Mum asked me, "Who's your Music teacher?" |
A: Mum asked me who my Music teacher was. |
Steps to change: |
1) Change Tense, Pronoun, Time and Place |
2) (is, are, was or were) must be at the end of the sentence |
3) Put full-stop |
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Pronoun
I |
→ |
He/She |
My |
→ |
His/Her |
Me |
→ |
Him/Her |
Us |
→ |
Them |
Our |
→ |
Their |
Ours |
→ |
Theirs |
You/Your |
→ |
Depends on subject (I/He/She) |
Position
This |
→ |
That |
These |
→ |
Those |
Now |
→ |
Then |
Here |
→ |
There |
Bring |
→ |
Take |
Come |
→ |
Go |
#2 Questions
Q: Jane asked Peter, "Did you complete your homework?" |
A: Jane asked Peter if he had completed his homework. |
Steps to change: |
1) Add "if" for yes/no questions |
2) Change Tense, Pronoun, Time and Place |
3) Invert the subject and verb |
4) Put full-stop |
If the question is not a yes/no question, then ignore step 1.
#4 Habit or Fact
Q: Jane told Jim, "Dinosaurs are extinct." |
A: Jane told Jim that Dinosaurs are extinct. |
Steps to change: |
1) Add "if" or "that" |
2) Change Pronoun, Time and Place |
3) Put full-stop |
For habits and facts, do not change the tense.
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