BloatersLong Method | Too many lines of code. | 1, [Replace Temp with Query, 3, 4], [Replace Method with Method Object], [Decompose Conditional, 1] | Large Class | Class contains many fields/methods/lines of code. | 2, Extract Subclass, Extract Interface, Duplicate Observed Data | Primitive Obsession | Use of constants for coding information. Use of primitives instead of small objects for simple tasks. | Replace Data Value with Object, [ 3 or 4], [Replace Type Code with Class, Subclasses or State], Replace Array with Object | Long Parameter List | More than three or four parameters for a method. | Replace Parameter with Method Call, 4, 3 | Data Clumps | Different parts of the code contain identical groups of variables | 2, 3, 4. 1. Extract Method 2. Extract Class 3. Introduce Parameter Object 4. Preserve Whole Object |
Refactoring Benefits- Improves code organization.
- Reduces code duplication.
- Simplifies support.
- Can improve organization of code.
- Easier maintenance.
- Code becomes more flexible
- Better Code Readability |
| | Object-Orientation AbusersAlternative Classes with Different Interfaces | 2 classes perform identical functions but have different method names. | Rename Methods, [Move method, Add Parameter, Parameterize Method], Extract Superclass | Refused Bequest | Subclass uses only some of the methods and property | Replace Inheritance with Delegation, Extract Superclass | Switch Statements | Complex switch operator | Replace Conditional with Polymorphism, Ex | Temporary Field | Get their values only under certain circumstances | Extract class, Replace Method with Method Object |
Incorrect application of object-oriented programming principles. Change PreventersDivergent Change | Change many unrelated methods when you make changes to a class. | Parallel Inheritance Hierarchies | Whenever you create a subclass for a class, you find yourself needing to create a subclass for another class. | Shotgun Surgery | Making any modifications requires that you make many small changes to many different classes. |
Need to change something in one place in your code, you have to make many changes in other places too. | | DispensablesComments | A method is filled with explanatory comments. | Duplicate Code | Two code fragments look almost identical. | Data Class | Class that contains only fields and crude methods for accessing them. Don’t contain any additional functionality and can’t independently operate on the data that they own. | Dead Code | A variable, parameter, field, method or class is no longer used | Lazy Class | Class doesn’t do enough to earn your attention, | Speculative Generality | There’s an unused class, method, field or parameter. |
Something pointless and unneeded whose absence would make the code cleaner, more efficient and easier to understand. CouplersFeature Envy | A method accesses the data of another object more than its own data. | Move, Extract Method | Inappropriate Intimacy | Uses the internal fields and methods of another class | [Move Method and Field], [Extract Class and Hide Delegate], [Replace Delegation with Inheritance] | Incomplete Library Class | | [Introduce Foreign Method or Local Extension] | Message Chains | a->b()->c()->d() | Hide Delegate, [Extract Method and Move Method] | Middle Man | Class only delegates work | Remove Middle Man |
Excessive coupling between classes |
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