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TRANSMISSION-BASED PRECAUTIONS Cheat Sheet by

STANDARD PRECAU­TIONS

PPE:
Gown & gloves - when touching blood or body fluids, non intact skin, mucous membranes, or contam­inated materials
Masks & face/eye protection - when antici­pating splashing of body fluids
NURSING INTERV­ENT­IONS:
Implement standard precau­tions for all pts
Report commun­icable diseases per CDC policy
Handle all blood and body fluids as if contam­inated
Dispose of PPE in pt's room
Private room is only needed if the pt is unable to maintain hygiene
Clean spills w/ a solution of bleach and water (1:10 dilution)
SHARING ROOMS:
Pts must have same organism
Avoid placing pts on isolation precau­tions in the same room w/ pts who are immuno­com­pro­mised, have open wounds, or have antici­pated prolonged lengths of stay
Ensure pts are located more than 3 ft from each other
Use privacy curtains between beds to minimize opport­unities for direct contact

AIRBORNE PRECAU­TIONS

AIRBORNE PRECAU­TIO­NS:
PPE
NURSING INTERV­ENT­IONS
Diseases known to be transm­itted by air for infectious agents smaller than 5 mcg
Mask
Standard precau­tions
Measles
N95 respirator for known or suspected TB
Provide private room w/ monitored negative airflow
Varicella
 
Keep door closed
Pulmonary or laryngeal TB
 
Respir­atory protection

DROPLET PRECAU­TIONS

PPE
NURSING INTERV­ENT­IONS:
DROPLET PRECAU­TIO­NS:
Mask
Standard precau­tions
Protect against droplets larger than 5 mcg
 
Private room is preferred
Strept­ococcal pharyn­gitis
 
May short w/ pt who has infection w/ same organism
Pneumonia
 
Keep door closed
Scarlet fever
 
Mask is required when personnel is within 3 ft of pt
Rubella
  
Pertussis
  
Mumps
  
Mycoplasma pneumonia
  
Mening­ococcal pneumo­nia­/sepsis
  
Pneumonic plague
 

CONTACT PRECAU­TIONS

PPE:
CONTACT PRECAU­TIO­NS:
NURSING INTERV­ENT­IONS:
Gloves
Prevent transm­ission of infectious agents that are spread by direct or indirect contact w/ the pt or the pt's enviro­nment
Standard precau­tions
Gown
Wound drainage
Private room is preferred
Mask & goggled (as needed)
Fecal incont­inence
May cohort w/ pt who has infection w/ same organism
 
Bodily discharges
Gloves & gown worn by caregivers and visitors
  
Disposal of infectious dressing material into nonporous bag
  
Dedicated equipment for the pt or disinfect after each use
  
Pt to leave room only for essential clinical reasons

PROT­ECTIVE ISOLAT­ION

PROT­ECTIVE ISOLAT­ION:
NURSING INTERV­ENT­IONS:
Used to protect pts who have an increased suscep­tib­ility to infect­ions, are receiving chemot­herapy, or are immuno­sup­pressed or neutro­penic
Standard precau­tions
 
Institute maximum protec­tion, which can include the use of sterile linens, food, and other supplies
 
Minimize exposure to microo­rga­nisms found on the outer layers of fresh flowers, fruits, and vegetables
 
Wear sterile gloves and gown/mask when in contact w/ the pt
 
Maximum protection will require ventil­ate­d/p­osi­tiv­e-p­ressure room
                       

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  • Published: 4th January, 2019

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