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MAGNESIUM: Expected Reference RangesMagnesium | 1.3 - 2.1 mEq/L | Hypomagnesemia | < 1.3 mEq/L | Hypermagnesemia | > 2.1 mEq/L |
HYPOMAGNESEMIA: Risk FactorsGI loss | Medications | Alcohol use disorder | Cisplatin | Hypocalcemia | Cyclosporine | Hypokalemia | Aminoglycoside antibiotics | Diabetic ketoacidosis | Diuretics | Hyperparathyroidism | Amphotericin B | Malabsorption | Total parenteral nutrition | Laxative abuse | Acute MI |
| | HYPOMAGNESEMIA: ManifestationsParesthesias | Dysrhythmias | Trousseau's sign | Chvostek's sign | Agitation | Confusion | Hyperreflexia | Hypertension | Insomnia | Irritability | Anorexia | Nausea | Vomiting | Dysphagia |
HYPOMAGNESEMIA: InterventionsSeizure precautions | Monitor swallowing | Dietary measures & education | Monitor urine output | Monitor respirations | Administer medications: IV magnesium sulfate, PO magnesium salts |
Monitor for signs of magnesium toxicity with IV replacement, and treat with calcium gluconate | | HYPERMAGNESEMIA: Risk FactorsRenal failure | Excessive Mg++ therapy | Adrenal insufficiency | Laxative overuse | Lithium toxicity | Extensive soft tissue injury or necrosis |
HYPERMAGNESEMIA: ManifestationsHypotension | Drowsiness | Bradycardia | Bradypnea | Coma | Cardiac arrest | Hyporeflexia | Nausea | Vomiting | Facial flushing |
HYPERMAGNESEMIA: InterventionsMechanical ventilation | IV fluids (lactated Ringer's or NS) | Monitor respirations and BP | Monitor deep-tendon reflexes | Administer meds: IV calcium gluconate, loop diuretics |
Magnesium should not be administered to pts in renal failure |
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