This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
articulations
articulations |
point of contact between bones |
structure |
determines the type of movement |
needed for: |
strength |
lock elements together |
movement |
permits range of movement |
factors that contribute to range of motion (ROM)
structure or shape |
strength and tension |
hormones (relaxin) |
disuse |
shoulder joint (glenohumoral)
ball and socket |
powerful muscles from the rotator cuff |
greatest ROM in body |
elbow joint
radius and humerus |
radio humeral joint |
ulna and humerus |
ulnohumeral joint |
responsible for flexion and extension |
stable because of interlock, joint capsule, ligaments |
hinge |
hip joint (acetabulofemoral joint)
femur and acetabulum |
consist of cartilage, fat pad, synovial membrane |
ball-and-socket |
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classifying joints
structural |
a. fibrous joints |
b. cartilaginous joints |
c. synovial joints |
functional |
a. immoveable |
b. slightly moveable |
c. freely moveable |
joint movements
gliding movements |
opposion surfaces slide back and forth and side to side |
flexion |
decrease in angle |
extension |
increase in angle |
hyperextension |
extension past anatomical position |
abduction |
away from midline |
adduction |
toward midline |
circumduction |
movement of part in a circle |
rotation |
bone revoles around its own longitudinal axis |
inversion |
move foot medially |
eversion |
move foot laterally |
pronation |
palm down |
supination |
palm up |
opposition |
thumb across palm to touch finger tips |
dorsilflexion |
foot upward |
plantar flexion |
foot downward |
elevation |
upward movement |
depression |
downward movement |
protraction |
anterior movement |
retraction |
protraction return to normal |
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immoveable joints
suture |
fibrous |
synchondrosis |
cartilaginous |
slightly moveable joints
syndesmosis |
fibrous |
symphysis |
cartilaginous |
freely moveable joints
articular cartilage between bones; surrounded by joint capsule; inner surface lined with synovial membrane that secrete synovial fluid |
arterial branches |
merge around a joint |
nerve endings |
respond to movement |
knee joint (tibiofemoral joint)
responsible for felxion, extension, and rotation |
femur/tibia and patella/femur |
supporting structures |
menisci, fat pads, bursae, ligaments |
aging
osteroarthritis |
thinning cartilage and lowering synovial fluid from wear and tear |
rheumatoid arthritis |
inflammation, autoimmune |
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