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hypoglycemia from an insulin overdose
Therapeutic UseHypoglycemia from an insulin overdose |
Adverse Drug ReactionsGastrointestinal effects (nausea, vomiting) | Hypotension | Anaphylaxis |
Nusing InterventionsTurn unconscious clients on their side to prevent aspiration from vomit- ing. | Monitor for persistent nausea and vomiting. | Monitor fluid and carbohydrate intake. | Assess neurologic status throughout treatment | Monitor for signs of hypoglycemia before and during treatment |
Drug AdministrationGive IV, IM, or subcutaneously. | Expect unconscious clients to regain consciousness about 20 min after IV administration. | Provide food after clients regain consciousness and can swallow. | Be aware that, for severe hypoglycemia, IV glucose is the treatment of choice because it acts faster than glucagon does. |
| | Patient EducationWarn client and family that vomiting is common after administration of glucagon | Explain need to keep client on side until consciousness is regained | Encourage oral intake when tolerated to prevent another episode of hypoglycemia | Educate client on signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and how to prevent severe hypoglycemic event by carrying sugar packets or candy for emergencies. |
ContraindicationsHypoglycemia from starvation (due to the lack of stored glycogen) | Pheochromocytoma | Hypersensitivity to sulfites used as preservatives (wine, foods), other drugs related to sulfonamides (acetazolamide, thiazide diuretics, tolbutamide) |
PrecautionsCardiovascular disorders | Adrenal insufficiency |
InteractionsEffects of oral anticoagulants (warfarin) increase. | Negates effects of insulin | Phenytoin inhibits glucagon |
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