Show Menu
Cheatography
  1. Home >
  2. Education >

Computer Hardware Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by

A compendium of PC hardware

This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.

Thunde­rbolt Versions

Version
Bandwidth
Connector Type
1
10 Gbps
Mini Displa­yport
2
20 Gbps
Mini Displa­yport
3
40 Gbps
USB Type-C
4
40 Gbps
USB Type-C

USB Versions

USB Version
Name
Transfer Rate
USB 1.0
Low-Speed
1.5 Mbps
USB 1.1
Full-Speed
12 Mbps
USB 2.0
Hi-Speed
480 Mbps
USB 3.0
SuperSpeed
5 Gbps
USB 3.1
SuperS­peed+
10 Gbps
USB 3.2
SuperS­peed+
10/20 Gbps

Reserved IP Ranges

Name
Start
End
RFC1918 (Private)
10.0.0.0/8
10.255.25­5.255/8
RFC1918 (Private)
172.16.0.0/16
172.31.25­5.2­55/16
RFC1918 (Private)
192.16­8.0.0/24
192.16­8.2­55.2­55/24
Localhost
127.0.0.0/8
127.25­5.2­55.2­55/8
APIPA (Link Local)
164.25­4.0.0/16
169.25­4.2­55.2­55/16

Classful IP Ranges

Class
Start
End
A
0.0.0.0
127.25­5.2­55.255
B
128.0.0.0
191.25­5.2­55.255
C
192.0.0.0
223.25­5.2­55.255
D
224.0.0.0
239.25­5.2­55.255
E
240.0.0.0
255.25­5.2­55.255

Laser Printing Process

Step
Name
Descri­ption
1
Processing
Build image in memory
2
Charging
Negatively charge drum
3
Exposing
Write image on drum with laser
4
Developing
Apply toner to charged drum
5
Transf­erring
Move toner from drum to paper
6
Fusing
Heat and bake toner to page
7
Cleaning
Clean excess toner from drum

Storage Interfaces

Interface
Throughput
Sata 3
6 Gbps
NVME
16 Gb/s PCIe 3x4
NVME
32 Gb/s PCIe 4x4
SAS
12-45 Gbps

DDR Memory Pins

Standard
DIMM Pin Count
SODIMM Pin Count
DDR
184
200
DDR2
240
200
DDR3
240
204
DDR4
288
260
DDR5
288
260

Common Resolution

Common Name
Resolution
Aspect Ratio
SVGA
800x600 Pixels
4:3
XGA
1024x768 Pixels
4:3
Super XGA
1280x960 Pixels
4:3
HD
1280x720 Pixels
16:9
Full HD
1920x1080 Pixels
16:9
2K or 1440p
2560x1440 Pixels
16:9
Ultra HD or 4K
3840x2160 Pixels
16:9

Common RAID

RAID #
Common Name
Minimum # of Disks
Fault Tolerance
RAID 0
Disk Striping
2
None
RAID 1
Disk Mirroring
2
1 Drive
RAID 5
Striping with Parity
3
1 Drive
RAID 10
Mirrored Stripe with Parity
4
1 Per subsystem

Useful Shortcuts

Shortcut
Descri­ption
Ctrl + [C, V, X]
Copy, Paste, Cut
Win + V
Paste Using Clipboard History
Win + Tab
Cycle Between Windows
Ctrl + Shift + Esc
Open Task Manager
Ctrl + Win + Q
Open Quick Assist
Win + P
Multi-­Display Options
Win + E
Open File Explorer

Logging Levels

Level
Name
Descri­ption
0
Emerge­ncies
Device Unusable
1
Alerts
Immediate Action
2
Critical
Critical Conditions
3
Errors
Error Condition
4
Warnings
Warning Condition
5
Notifi­cation
Normal but Important
6
Inform­ational
Info Message
7
Debugging
Debug Message

Intel Processor Suffixes

Suffix
Meaning
K
Unlocked Frequency
S
Special Edition
T
Power-­Opt­imized
F
No Integrated Graphics
U
Mobile Power Efficient
HK
High Perfor­mance Mobile, Unlocked
HQ
High Perfor­mance Mobile, Quad Core
X/XE
High Perfor­mance, Unlocked
E
Embedded

AMD CPU Suffixes

Suffix
Meaning
X
High Perfor­mance
G
Standard Desktop with Graphics
T
Low Power Desktop
S
Low Power Desktop with Graphics
H
High Perfor­mance Mobile
U
Standard Mobile
M
Low Perfor­mance Mobile
None
Standard Desktop

Intel Core CPU Code Names

Generation
Codename
Socket
1st
Nehalem
LGA 1156 / 1366
2nd
Sandy Bridge
LGA 1155 / 2011
3rd
Ivy Bridge
LGA 1155 / 2011
4th
Haswell
LGA 1150 / 2011
5th
Broadwell
LGA 1150 / 2011
6th
Skylake
LGA 1151 / 2066
7th
Kaby Lake
LGA 1151 / 2066
8th & 9th
Coffee Lake
LGA 1151
10th
Comet Lake, Ice Lake
LGA 1200
11th
Rocket Lake, Tiger Lake
LGA 1200
12th
Alder Lake
LGA 1700
13th
Raptor Lake
LGA 1700

MacOS Release Names

Release
Name
Release Year
10
Cheetah
2001
10.1
Puma
2001
10.2
Jaguar
2002
10.3
Panther
2003
10.4
Tiger
2005
10.5
Leopard
2007
10.6
Snow Leopard
2009
10.7
Lion
2011
10.8
Mountain Lion
2012
10.9
Mavericks
2013
10.10
Yosemite
2014
10.11
El Capitan
2015
10.12
Sierra
2016
10.13
High Sierra
2017
10.14
Mojave
2018
10.15
Catalina
2019
11
Big Sur
2020
12
Monteray
2021
13
Ventura
2022

M.2 Sizes

Windows Versions

Major Windows Versions
Release Year
Windows Server Versions
Windows 1.0
1985
Windows Server 2000
Windows 2.0
1987
Windows Server 2003
Windows 3.0
1990
Windows Server 2008
Windows 95
1995
Windows Server 2012
Windows 98
1998
Windows Server 2016
Windows 2000
2000
Windows Server 2019
Windows ME
2000
Windows Server 2022
Windows XP / Profes­sional
2001 / 2005
Windows Vista
2007
Windows 7
2009
Windows 8 / 8.1
2012 / 2013
Windows 10
2015
Windows 11
2021

M.2 Connectors

PCIe Details

PCIe Slot Width
Number of Pins
  
Version
X16 Transfer Rate
X1
18
  
PCIe 1.0
250 MB/s
x4
21
  
PCIe 2.0
500 MB/s
x8
49
  
PCIe 3.0
984 MB/s
x16
82
  
PCIe 4.0
1969 MB/s
     
PCIe 5.0
3938 MB/s
 

UPT Categories and Speeds

Category
Speed
Bandwidth
Cat 5
100 Mbps @ 100m
100 MHz
Cat 5e
100 Mbps @ 100m
100 MHz
Cat 5e
1 Gbps @ 100m
350 MHz
Cat 6
1 Gbps @ 100m
250 MHz
Cat 6
10 Gbps @ 37m
250 MHZ
Cat 6a
10 Gbps @ 100m
500 MHz
Cat 7
10 Gbps @ 100m
600 MHz
Cat 7a
10 Gbps @ 100m
1000 MHz
Cat 7a
40 Gbps @ 50m
1000 MHz
Cat 8.1
25 Gbps @ 30m
2000 MHz
Cat 8.2
40 Gbps @ 30m
2000 MHz

Ethernet Wiring Guide

Pin
Signal
T568A
T568B
1
TX+
White/­Green
White/­Orange
2
TX-
Green
Orange
3
RX+
White/­Orange
White/­Green
4
TRD2+
Blue
Blue
5
TRD2-
White/Blue
White/Blue
6
RX-
Orange
Green
7
TRS3+
White/­Brown
White/­Brown
8
TRS3-
Brown
Brown

Ethernet Wiring Diagram

24 Pin ATX Power

20 Pin ATX Power

PCIe Power Pinout

Peripheral Power

SATA Pinout

4 Pin CPU Power

USB Pinouts

More USB Pinouts

PCIe Slot Size

NVIDIA GPUs

Series
Popular Models
Release Year
400 Series
GTX 470, 480
2010/2011
600 Series
GTX 650, 670, 680
2012/2013
700 Series
GT 710, GTX 750, 780, TITAN
2013/2014
900 Series
GTX 960, 970, 980, TITAN X
2014/2015
10 Series
GTX 1050ti, 1060, 1070, 1080, TITAN V
2016/2017
16 Series
GTX 1650, 1660 / Super
2019
20 Series
RTX 2060, 2070, 2080, TITAN RTX
2018/2019
30 Series
RTX 3060/TI, 3070, 3080, 3090
2020/2021
40 Series
RTX 4080, RTX 4090
2022

AMD GPUs

Series
Popular Models
Release Year
Radeon 400
R5/7 430, RX 470, 480
2016
Radeon 500
RX 570, 580, 590
2017
RX Vega Series
Vega 56, 64
2017
Radeon VII
Radeon VII
2019
RX 5000
RX 5500, 5700, 5700XT
2019
RX 6000
RX 6600/6650, 6800/XT, 6900/XT
2021/2022
RX 7000
RX 7900 XT, 7900 XTX
2022