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Immunology Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by

Overview of veterinary immunology

This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.

IMPORTANT REMINDERS

Serum
Blood W/O cells or Fibrinogen (clotting factor)
Plasma
Blood W Fibrinogen and water but ~ still NO cells
Buffy Coat
Separated blood layer containing WBCs and Platelets
MHC
Major Histoc­omp­ati­bility Complex
TCR
T-Cell receptor
BCR
B-Cell receptor

PLASMA ~ in EDTA tube (purple top)

- Anti-C­oag­ulants are needed for purifying
- Can be prepared as soon as its centri­fuged
- Fibrinogen = present
- Buffy coat can contam­inate the liquidated fraction
- Composed of ions that is repres­ent­ative of the circul­ating blood!
- Less stable

SERUM ~ Red-Top Tube

- No Antico­agu­lants added
- 30 min delay for clot formation
- Fibrinogen absent
- Cleaner sample (lacks depleted cells and cell remnants)
- Contains antibo­dies, antigens, electr­olytes and medica­tions, hormones and microo­rga­nisms
- The study of serology involves the study of the serum as the GS
    

ANTIBODY CLASSES

CLASS
DESCRI­PTION
NOTES
IgG
Neutra­lizing Ab
mnemonic > "grandmas memory"
 
!Made later in immune response!
 
Primary Ab in memory response
 
Found in blood
 
Small size (able to pass barriers easily)
 
🌟🌟Highest in conc. in Colost­rum­/Blood
 
Longer half-life than IgM
 
Bind phagocytes via Fc region
Opsonin
 
IgM
🌟🌟 First Ig in primary response
mnemonic > "I want MINE first"
 
Short half-life
 
10 binding sites
> better at aggreg­ating than IgG
   
> Neutra­lizing Ab
 
Large size
> can't penetrate tissue
   
> confined to blood/­lymph
 
Activates Compliment System
 
🌟🌟 High conc. ==
recent primary exposure
 
No Fc receptor for IgM on phagocytes
CANNOT act as an opsonin
 
IgA
!Important for mucosal protec­tion!
mnemonic > "Alpacas are snotty"
 
Dimeric form
> has a secretory piece
   
~ prevents degrad­ation by Proteases
   
~🌟🌟 secreted in MILK! (NOT ABSORBED THRU GUT)
 
🌟🌟 Prevents epithelial adherence of bacti
 
Helps protect neonate mucosa in:
> GIT
   
> respir­atory
   
> UG tract
 
Found in:
> tears, saliva, and bile
 
IgE
🌟🌟 !Important in adaptive resp. to parasitic worms!
mnemonic > 'Ew worms and allergies"
 
🌟🌟 Mediates Type-1 HS
> Anaphy­lactic Shock
 
Mechan­ism::
1. B-cells > make IgE to Ag
   
2. IgE > binds Mast cells on their Fc region
   
Once exposed to Ag again:
   
3. IgE > binds Mast cells
   
~ 🌟🌟Acti­vates degran­ulation
   
4. Mast cells > 🌟🌟release histamine & vasoactive amines

Neonatal Immunity

 
COLOSTRUM
MILK
Source of Ab
Dam's serum
Mammary gland
Ig Compos­ition
IgG (high conc.)
IgA (much smaller conc.)
**Prod.