Cheatography
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Assembly Systems and Components, Industrial Robots, Logistics, Transportation, Storage & Order Picking
This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
1. General Definition & Terms
Primary Business Processes
1. Product Life Cycle Process
2. Order Fulfillment Process
Production: parts manufacturing plus assembly + logistics
Assembly: to combine two or more components in a defined time and a certain order (reversible or irreversible)
Activity Groups During Assembly
feeding, checking, adjusting, axuiliary functions, joining |
Production Principles
a) Place principle: Local/Box (fixed station) assembly |
b) Place principle: Standalone (Workbench) assembly |
c) Flow principle: Sequence assembly |
d) Flow principle: Flow-line assembly |
e) Semi-automatic assembly |
f) Automatic assembly |
a) Local/Box (fixed station) Assembly
Definition:
• Assembly object is located in a defined place
• Staff and material is brought just in time (synchronized) to the assembly object
• Product will be finished at the assembly station (not necessarily the erection location)
• Throughput time: sum of all times on the site + material provision time, organisational transition, set-up, changeover time
Applications:
• Special vehicles / prototyping
• Special machines and plants
• Switch cabinets
• Shipyards
• Buildings
Disadvantages:
• Lots of space needed; all parts must be present at one assembling area
• extensive material and information flow
• different fitters (assembly steps, parallel groups) will lead to frictional losses
• much need for synchronisation and control; finish date risk
• high throughput time
Advantages:
• good for voluminous and complex products
• very high flexibility
• few assembly object transports |
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2. Organisational Forms of Assembly Systems
Assembly systems are described by:
- the product to be created and the production numbers
- the processes in the system
- the arrangement of the processes in the system (structure)
- performance (takt time)
- throughput time |
Factors Influencing the Assembly
Technical |
Economical |
product dimensions |
production program with quantities (per unit time) and variant frequencies (degree of repetition) |
number of components |
throughput time |
product structure |
flexibility |
product variants |
costs |
material properties, mass |
assembly processes with difficulty |
b) Standalone (Workbench) Assembly
Definition:
• Workbench Production or Standalone Assembly describes a single type of system, which has as no transition to a second workplace
• In general, the assembly takes place on benches or tables (according to Lotter)
• Components or single parts are supplied loose in containers or pallets.
Applications:
• for products of low to medium complexity
• for products in small to medium series size
• electrical and precision engineering industry
Advantages:
• fail-safe and flexible
Disadvantages:
• less efficient than flow principle
• limited number of components |
Differences: Local-Box and Flow-Line Assembly
Local/Box Assembly |
Flow-Line Assembly |
- lots of material and information flow |
- once preplanning is extensive, higher requirements on punctuality |
- high requirements on synchronisation |
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