Cheatography
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Health - Integumentary System
This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
Parts Of The Integumentary System
Skin |
Sweat glands |
Sebaceous glands |
Hair |
Nails |
Subcutaneous tissue |
Age-Related Changes
Thin skin & smaller elastin fibres |
Collagen loss → wrinkles - weaker & saggier skin |
Less melanin → pale skin & grey/white hair |
Reduced blood supply to skin → harder to regulate body temp |
Longer skin repair time |
Skin
Functions |
1st defense line |
Maintains fluid balance |
Protects organs & structures |
Sunlight → Vitamin D |
Houses sensory receptors |
Regulates body temp |
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Layers |
Main skin layers: epidermis & dermis |
Subcutaneous tissues (not skin) |
Subcutaneous Layer
Aka hypodermis (underneath the dermis) |
Not part of the skin, mainly made of connective & adipose tissue |
Rich blood supply |
Insulates body and sits between skin & underlying structure |
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Epidermis
Top skin layer |
Made of keratinocytes |
No blood supply - gets O₂ & nutrients from dermis |
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Keratinisation: Keratin protein deposited into cell |
Melanocytes: Releases melanin & has arm-like
projections to protect keratinocytes from UV light |
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Main Layers |
Stratum Corneum |
Stratum Germinativum/Basale |
Top layer of epidermis |
Bottom layer of epidermis |
Dead cells rubbed off & replaced |
Continuously divides, older cells die & keratinise ⬆ layers |
Skin Colour
Determined by 3 pigments: |
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Melanin |
Darkening pigment from melanocytes |
More melanin → darker skin colour |
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Carotene |
Carotene → Vitamin A for healthy eyes, skin, vision etc. |
Found in orange-coloured veggies |
Too much carotene → yellow/orange skin |
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Haemoglobin |
Bright red |
Dilated blood vessels → increased blood flow → increased haemoglobin → blushing/redder skin |
Poorly oxygenated blood → decreased haemoglobin → cyanosis |
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Dermis
Underneath epidermis |
Tough & elastic |
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Connective Tissue |
Collagen Fibres |
Elastin Fibres |
Gives strength & elasticity → young appearance |
Allows stretchy skin |
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Dermis Parts |
Blood Vessels: Blood to sweat, sebaceous glands, hair follicles & dermis tissue |
Lymph Vessels: Lymph & immune cells to dermis |
Sensory Nerve Endings: Nocioreceptors (pain), thermoreceptors (temperature), mechanoreceptors (pressure) |
Hair: Maintains heat, grows from hair follicles |
Arrector Pili: Contracts to raise hair & skin |
Sebaceous Glands: Creates & releases sebum → prevents dry/cracked skin |
Sweat Glands: |
Eccrine Glands |
Apocrine Glands |
Clear & watery sweat |
Sweat + bacteria → body odour |
Opens directly onto epidermis |
Opens into hair follicles |
Regulates body temp |
Nails
Made of tightly packed keratinzed cells |
Protects toe & finger tips |
Made of nail plate & nail root |
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