/bin/ | Binaries (basic shell commands, like ls , cat , grep , etc.) |
/sbin/ | System Binaries (binaries that a system admin would use. A standard user typically needs permissions to access these. Both bin and sbin are needed to be accessed in single mode, a special mode that boots you as root user to do repairs and upgrades |
/boot/ | Boot Loaders |
/dev/ | Devices (hardware, including webcams and keyboards; hard drive "a" would be /dev/sda and the first partition on that hard drive would be /dev/sda1 ) |
/etc/ | Et Cetera (where all system-wide configurations are stored*) |
/home/ | Home (all your personal files, documents, and downloads; user settings are also stored here in hidden files (those beginning with a "."), namely the .bashrc or .local for individual application or desktop settings.) |
/lib/, /lib32/, /lib64/ | Libraries (files that binaries need to run certain application settings) |
/media/ | Flash Drives (removable drives and devices; Linux automatically installs these) |
/mnt/ | Mounted Drives (permanent storage) |
/opt/ | Optional (manually installed software from vendors and some repositories) |
/proc/ | System Processes and Resources (processes being run in your system/task manager) |
/root/ | Root User's Home Folder |
/run/ | Run (tempfs file system; everything in it runs in RAM, so files are created as startup and deleted at shutdown; Used for processes that start early in the boot procedure) |
/snap/ | Snap Packages (mainly used by Ubuntu; completely self-contained packages) |
/srv/ | Services (where service data is stored; typically a place to store files you want a server to access if you run a server) |
/sys/ | System (a way to interact with the Linux kernel; everything in here runs in RAM, so files are created at startup and deleted at shutdown) |
/usr/ | User Applications (where user applications are stored; applications installed here considered non-essential for basic system operation; Installed applications are stored in /usr/bin , /usr/sbin , /usr/local/bin , usr/local/sbin and their libraries in /usr/lib , /usr/local/lib ; Most programs installed from source code are in the local folders and larger programs in /usr/share ) |
/var/ | Variable (used to store files that grow in size, like /var/crash for crashes, /var/log/ for program logs, and things like databases for mail and the printer spool, etc.) |
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