/bin/ | Binaries
(basic shell commands, like ls, cat, grep, etc.) |
/sbin/ | System Binaries
(binaries that a system admin would use. A standard user typically needs permissions to access these. Both bin and sbin are needed to be accessed in single mode, a special mode that boots you as root user to do repairs and upgrades |
/boot/ | Boot Loaders |
/dev/ | Devices
(hardware, including webcams and keyboards; hard drive "a" would be /dev/sda and the first partition on that hard drive would be /dev/sda1) |
/etc/ | Et Cetera
(where all system-wide configurations are stored*) |
/home/ | Home
(all your personal files, documents, and downloads; user settings are also stored here in hidden files (those beginning with a "."), namely the .bashrc or .local for individual application or desktop settings.) |
/lib/, /lib32/, /lib64/ | Libraries
(files that binaries need to run certain application settings) |
/media/ | Flash Drives
(removable drives and devices; Linux automatically installs these) |
/mnt/ | Mounted Drives
(permanent storage) |
/opt/ | Optional
(manually installed software from vendors and some repositories) |
/proc/ | System Processes and Resources
(processes being run in your system/task manager) |
/root/ | Root User's Home Folder |
/run/ | Run
(tempfs file system; everything in it runs in RAM, so files are created as startup and deleted at shutdown; Used for processes that start early in the boot procedure) |
/snap/ | Snap Packages
(mainly used by Ubuntu; completely self-contained packages) |
/srv/ | Services
(where service data is stored; typically a place to store files you want a server to access if you run a server) |
/sys/ | System
(a way to interact with the Linux kernel; everything in here runs in RAM, so files are created at startup and deleted at shutdown) |
/usr/ | User Applications
(where user applications are stored; applications installed here considered non-essential for basic system operation; Installed applications are stored in /usr/bin, /usr/sbin, /usr/local/bin, usr/local/sbin and their libraries in /usr/lib, /usr/local/lib; Most programs installed from source code are in the local folders and larger programs in /usr/share) |
/var/ | Variable
(used to store files that grow in size, like /var/crash for crashes, /var/log/ for program logs, and things like databases for mail and the printer spool, etc.) |
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